Genus: Rubus

By Science Staff

Not peer reviewed

Last Modified 03/15/2013

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Nomenclature

Rubus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 492. 1753. Gen. Pl., ed. 5, 218. 1754. LECTOTYPE: Rubus idaeus L., Rydberg (1905), Rubus fruticosus L., Britton & Brown (1913), or Rubus caesius L., Hitchcock & Green (1929).

Chamaemorus Hill, Brit. Herb. (Hill) 331. 1756. TYPE: Not designated.

Rubacer Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 274. 1903. Bossekia Neck. ex Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 210. 1906. TYPE: Rubacer odoratum (L.) Rydb. (=Rubus odoratus L.).

Melanobatus Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 243. 1906. TYPE: Not designated.

Rubus sect. Batidea Dumort., Fl. Belg. 94. 1827. Batidaea Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. 1:238. 1906. TYPE: Rubus idaeus L.

Key to the species of Rubus

1. Stems erect, 1-2 m tall, unarmed; leaves simple, lobed; fruit depressed...Rubus odoratus
1. Stems prostrate or erect, 0.1-2.5 m tall, armed with prickles and/or bristles; leaves compound; fruit subglobose to elongate...2

2. First-year stem (primocane) leaves ternate or digitately or pinnately quinate, whitish beneath; petals inconspicuous, generally less than 7 mm long, spatulate or obovate, green-white, white, or rose-pink; ripe fruit yellow, amber, red, purple, or purple-black, readily separated from the receptacle...3
2. Primocane leaves ternate or digitately quinate or 7-foliate, green to gray-green beneath; petals showy, generally at least 7 mm long, obovate to nearly orbicular, white to pale pink; ripe fruit dark purple to black, not separating from the receptacle...5

3. Inflorescences many-flowered and paniculiform; calyces and pedicels densely covered with reddish gland-tipped hairs...Rubus phoenicolasius
3. Inflorescences few-flowered, corymbiform, umbelliform, or short-racemose; calyces gray-tomentose and minutely glandular-pubescent...4

4. Pedicels with stout curved prickles, not glandular; canes arching to decumbent, often rooting at the tip; fruit usually black...Rubus occidentalis
4. Pedicels with straight weak bristles, also finely glandular; canes arching, not rooting at the tip; fruit usually red...Rubus idaeus
Note: The hybrid between R. occidentalis and R. idaeus is known as Rubus ×neglecta.

5. Leaflets pinnately lobed or incised nearly to the midrib; calyx lobes with firm prickles...Rubus laciniatus
5. Leaflets merely toothed or at most shallowly lobed; calyx lobes unarmed (may be glandular-setose)...6

6. Canes arching to prostrate, rooting at the tips...7
6. Canes erect to arching, not rooting at the tips...10

7. Inflorescences racemiform, pedicels subtended by small bracts...Rubus arundelanus
7. Inflorescences leafy, the pedicels subtended by leaves...8

8. Armature mostly slender prickles or bristles, these little if at all expanded at the base...Rubus hispidus
8. Armature only stout, stiff, commonly hooked prickles with expanded bases...9

9. Terminal leaflet of trifoliate flowering-stem (floricane) leaves somewhat ovate, with a broadly rounded to subcordate base and sharply acute to long-acuminate tip...Rubus flagellaris
9. Terminal leaflet of trifoliate floricane leaves oblong to oblanceolate or obovate, with narrow to broadly cuneate base and obtuse to very abruptly and inconspicuously acuminate tip...Rubus enslenii

10. Armature mostly slender prickles or bristles, these little if at all expanded at the base...Rubus setosus
10. Armature only stout, stiff, commonly hooked prickles with expanded bases...11

11. Glandular hairs abundant on the pedicels and elsewhere...Rubus allegheniensis
11. Glandular hairs absent or with a few on the pedicels...12

12. Leaflets oblanceolate to obovate, broadest well above the middle, densely and closely white to gray-tomentose beneath...Rubus cuneifolius
12. Leaflets lanceolate to oblong or ovate, not gray or white beneath...Rubus pensilvanicus

List of Rubus Species

References to Rubus

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