Nomenclature
Xanthium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753.
List of Xanthium Species
References to Xanthium
- Egler, F. E. 1990. High-temperature effects on germination and survival of weed seeds in soil. Weed Science 38: 429-435.
- Karis, P. O. 1995. Cladistics of the subtribe Ambrosiinae (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. 20: 40-54.
- Nussbaum, E. S. et.al. 1985. The effects of temperature and rainfall on emergence and growth of eight weeds. Weed Science 33: 165-170.
- Pitcher, D. 1989. Element stewardship abstract for Xanthium strumarium - rough cockle-bur.
- Weiner, J. et.al. 1998. Modeling the growth of individuals in plant populations: Local density variation in a strand population of Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 85: 1638-1645.