Nomenclature

Xanthium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753.

List of Xanthium Species

References to Xanthium

• Egler, F. E. 1990 . High-temperature effects on germination and survival of weed seeds in soil. Weed Science 38: 429-435.
• Karis, P. O. 1995 . Cladistics of the subtribe Ambrosiinae (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. 20: 40-54.
• Nussbaum, E. S. et.al. 1985 . The effects of temperature and rainfall on emergence and growth of eight weeds. Weed Science 33: 165-170.
• Pitcher, D. 1989 . Element stewardship abstract for Xanthium strumarium - rough cockle-bur.
• Weiner, J. et.al. 1998 . Modeling the growth of individuals in plant populations: Local density variation in a strand population of Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 85: 1638-1645.