New York Metropolitan Flora

Genus: Acorus

Acorus calamus

By Science Staff

Not peer reviewed

Last Modified 01/25/2013

Back to Acoraceae

List of Acorus Species

Acorus calamus Acorus americanus

General Discussion

There has been much confusion over the years regarding the status of Acorus in North America; for a good review see Thompson, S. A.; 2000 (Flora of North America Vol. 22:125).

References to Acorus

  • Buell, M. F. 1935. The seed and seedling of Acorus calamus. Bot. Gaz. 96: 758-765.
  • Buell, M. F. 1935. Acorus calamus in America. Rhodora 37: 367-369.
  • Buell, M. F. 1938. Embryology of Acorus calamus. Bot. Gaz. 99: 556-568.
  • Buzgo, M 2001. Flower structure and development of Araceae compared with alismatids and Acoraceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 136: 393-425.
  • Buzgo, M; Endress, P. K. 2000. Floral structure and development of Acoraceae and its systematic relationships with basal angiosperms. Int. J. Plant Sci. 161: 23-41.
  • Carlquist, S.; Schneider, E. L. 1997. Origins and nature of vessels in monocotyledons. I. Acorus. Int. J. Plant Sci. 158: 51-56.
  • Duvall, M. R. 2001. An anatomical study of anther development in Acorus L.: phylogenetic implications. Pl. Syst. Evol. 228: 143-152.
  • Duvall, M. R. et.al. 1993. Phylogentic hypothesis for the monocotyledons constructed from rbcL sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 607-619.
  • Duvall, M. R. et.al. 1993. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequences identifies Acorus calamus as the primal extant monocotyledon. Proc. Nat. Acad. U.S.A. 90: 4641-4644.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2000. Flora of North America. Volume 22. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. , 352 pages. (ISBN 0195137299)
  • Goremykin, V. V. et.al. 2005. Analysis of Acorus calamus chloroplast genome and its phylogenetic implications. Molecular Biology and Evolution 22: 1813-1822.
  • Grayum, M. H. 1987. A summary of evidence and arguments supporting the removal of Acorus from Araceae. Taxon 36: 723-729.
  • Harper, R. M. 1936. Is Acorus calamus native in the United States? Torreya 36: 143-147.
  • Jervis, R. A.; Buell, M. F. 1964. Acorus calamus in New Jersey. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 91: 335.
  • Keddy, P. A.; Constabel, P. 1986. Germination of ten shoreline plants in relation to seed size, soil particle size and water level: an experimental study.
  • Love, A.; Love, D. 1957. Drug content and polypoidy in Acorus. Proc. Gent. Soc. Canad. 2: 14-17.
  • Motley, T. J. 1994. The ethnobotany of sweet flag, Acorus calamus (Araceae). Econ. Bot. 48: 397-412.
  • Moyle, J. B. 1945. Some chemical factors influencing the distribution of aquatic plants in Minnesota. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 34: 402-420.
  • Mucke, M 1908. Concerning the structure and development of the fruit and the origin of Acorus calamus L. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 61: 1-23. (In German)
  • Packer, J. G.; Ringius, G. S. 1984. The distribution and status of Acorus (Araceae) in Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 62: 2248-2252.
  • Pai, A.; McCarthy, B. C. 2005. Variation in shoot density and rhizome biomass of Acorus calamus L. with respect to environment. Castanea 70: 263-275.
  • Rudall, P. J.; Furness, C. A. 1997. Systematics of Acorus: ovule and anther. Int. J. Plant Sci. 158: 640-651.
  • Soukup, A. et.al. 2005. Developmental anatomy of the root cortex of the basal monocotyledon, Acorus calamus (Acorales, Acoraceae). Ann. Bot. (London) 96: 379-385.