New York Metropolitan Flora

Family: Lemnaceae

By Science Staff

Not peer reviewed

Last Modified 03/15/2013

List of Lemnaceae Genera

Lemna Spirodela Wolffia Wolffiella

References to Lemnaceae

  • Bookout, H. 1996. Sexual reproduction in Lemna perpusilla Torr. Long Island Botanical Society Newsletter 6: 1-2.
  • Bowker, D. W.; Duffield, A. N.; Denny, P. 1980. Methods for the isolation, sterilization and cultivation of Lemnaceae. Freshwater Biol. 10: 385-388.
  • Brooks, J. S. 1940. The cytology and morphology of the Lemnaceae. Ph.D. Dissertation Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY,
  • Cabrera, L. I. et.al. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of aroids and duckweeds (Araceae) inferred from coding and noncoding plastid DNA. Amer. J. Bot. 95: 1153-1165.
  • Clark, H. L. 1968. The duckweeds of Minnesota. Michigan Bot. 7: 67-76.
  • Cook, C. D. K. 1988. Wind pollination in aquatic angiosperms. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 768-777.
  • Crawford, D. J.; Landolt, E.; Les, D. H.; Tepe, E. 1997. Allozyme variation and the taxonomy of Wolffiella. Aquatic Botany 58: 43-54.
  • Daubs, E. H. 1965. A monograph of Lemnaceae. Illinois Biol. Monogr. 34. Univ. Illinois Press, Urbana, IL.
  • Daubs, E. H. 1962. The occurrence of Spirodela oligorrhiza in the United States. Rhodora 64: 83-85.
  • Dore, W. G. 1957. Wolffia in Canada. Canad. Field-Naturalist 71: 10-16.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2000. Flora of North America. Volume 22. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. , 352 pages. (ISBN 0195137299)
  • Hegelmaier, C. F. 1868. Die Lemnaceen. Eine monographische Untersuchung. Leipzig.
  • Hellquist, C. B.; Crow, G. E. 1982. Aquatic vascular plants of New England: Part 5. Araceae, Lemnaceae, Xyridaceae, Eriocaulaceae, and Pontederiaceae.
  • Hess, W. J. 1986. Wolffia papulifera Thompspn (Lemnaceae), new to Michigan. Sida 11: 407-411.
  • Hicks, L. E. 1932. Flower production in the Lemnaceae. Ohio J. Science 32: 115-128.
  • Hillman, W. S. 1961. The Lemnaceae. A review of the descriptive and experimental literature. Bot. Rev. 27: 221-287.
  • Hillman, W. S. et.al. 1978. The uses of duckweeds. Amer. Sci. 66: 442-451.
  • Jacobs, D. L. 1947. A ecological life history of Spirodela polyrhiza. Ecol. Monogr. 17: 437-469.
  • Landolt, E. 1986. The family of Lemnaceae- a mongraphic study (Vol. 1). Veroff. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rubel Zurich 2: 1-566.
  • Landolt, E.; Kandeler, R. 1987. The family of Lemnaceae- a mongraphic study (Vol. 2). Veroff. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rubel Zurich 4: 1-638.
  • Larson, J. S.; Searcy, K. B. 2007. Lemna minuta (Lemnaceae) discovered in Massachusetts. Rhodora 109: 456-458.
  • Lemon, G. D.; Posluszny, U. 2000. Comparative shoot development and evolution in the Lemnaceae. Int. J. Plant Sci. 161: 733-748.
  • Les, D. H. et.al. 2002. Phylogeny and systematics of Lemnaceae, the duckweed family. Syst. Bot. 27: 221-240.
  • Les, D. H.; Crawford, D. J. 1999. Landoltia (Lemnaceae), a new genus of duckweeds. Novon 9: 530-533.
  • Les, D. H.; Landolt, E.; Crawford, D. J. 1997. Systematics of the Lemnaceae (duckweeds): inferences from micromolecular and morphological data. Pl. Syst. Evol. 204: 161-177.
  • Maheshwari, S. C. 1958. Spriodela polyrhiza: the link between the aroids and duckweeds. Nature 181: 1745-1746.
  • Moyle, J. B. 1945. Some chemical factors influencing the distribution of aquatic plants in Minnesota. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 34: 402-420.
  • Reveal, J. L. 1990. The neotypification of Lemna minuta Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, an earlier name fro Lemna minuscula Herter (Lemnaceae). Taxon 39: 328-330.
  • Rothwell, G. W. et.al. 2004. Molecular phylogenetic relationships among Lemnaceae and Araceae using the chloroplast trnL-trnF intergenic spacer. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 30: 378-385.
  • Saeger, A. 1929. The flowering of Lemnaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 56: 351-358.
  • Saeger, A. C. 1929. The flowering of Lemnaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 56: 351-358. (+ 3 plates)
  • Thompson, C. H. 1897. A revision of the American Lemnaceae occurring north of Mexico. Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 1-42.
  • White, S. L.; Wise, R. R. 1998. Anatomy and ultrastructure of Wolffia columbiana and Wolffia borealis, two nonvascular aquatic angiosperms. Int. J. Plant Sci. 159: 297-304.
  • Wohler, J. R. et.al. 1965. The occurrence of Spirodela oligorrhiza in western Pennsylvania. Castanea 30: 230-231.
  • Wolverton, B. C.; McDonald, R. C. 1981. Energy from vascular plant wastewater treatment systems. Econ. Bot. 35(2): 224-32.
  • den Hartog, R. M. 1975. Thoughts about the taxonomic relationships within the Lemnaceae. Aquatic Botany 1: 407-416.
  • den Hartog, R. M.; F. vans de Plas. 1970. A synopsis of Lemnaceae. Blumea 18: 355-368.