New York Metropolitan Flora

Family: Taxaceae

Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata   L.  -  English Yew
Photo © by Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Taken by G. A. Kalmbacher.

By Science Staff

Not peer reviewed

Last Modified 03/19/2013

List of Taxaceae Genera

Taxus

References to Taxaceae

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  • Allison, T. D. 1990. Pollen production and plant density affect seed production in Taxus canadensis. Ecology 71: 516-22.
  • Allison, T. D. 1990. The influence of deer browsing on the reproductive biology of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis Marsh.) II. Pollen limitation: An indirect effect. Oecologia 83: 530-4.
  • Allison, T. D. 1991. Variation in sex expression in Canada yew (Taxus canadensis). Amer. J. Bot. 78(4): 569-78.
  • Allison, T. D. 1987. The reproductive biology of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis Marsh.) and its modification by herbivory. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,
  • Allison, T. D. 1990. The influence of deer browsing on the reproductive biology of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis Marsh.) I. Direct effect on pollen, ovule, and seed production. Oecologia 83: 523-9.
  • Allison, T. D. 1992. The influence of deer browsing on the reproductive biology of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis Marsh.) III. Sex expression. Oecologia 89: 223-8.
  • Allison, T. D. 2008. Further studies on sex expression in Taxus canadensis Marshall. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 135: 70-80.
  • Andre, D. 1956. Contribution a l'Etude morphologique du cone femelle de quelques gymnospermes (Cephalotaxees, Juniperoidees, Taxacees). Nat. Monspel. Bot. 8: 3-35. (In French)
  • Beck, C. B.; et al. et.al. 1988. Origin and evolution of Gymnosperms. Columbia University Press, New York. , 504 pages.
  • Bialobok, S. (eds.) (1978): 1978. The yew - Taxus baccata L. Foreign Scientific Publications Dept. of the National Center for Scientific, Technical and Economic Information, Warsaw, Poland. , 183 pages.
  • Buchholz, J. T. 1934. The classification of Coniferales. Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 25: 112-3.
  • Buchholz, J. T. 1948. Generic and subgeneric distribution of the Coniferales. Bot. Gaz. 110: 80-91.
  • Buchholz, J. T. 1920. Embryo development and polyembryony in relation to the phylogeny of conifers. Amer. J. Bot. 7: 125-45.
  • Burns, R. M.; Honkala, B. H. (eds.) (1990): 1990. Silvics of North America: Vol. 1, Conifers. Agricultural Handbook No. 654. USDA, Forest Service, Washington, D.C..
  • Bush, R. 1994. PineBib: A Conifer Bibliography. ()
  • Butts, D.; Buchholz, J. T. 1940. Cotyledon numbers in conifers. Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 33: 58-62.
  • Canadian Forest Service 1983. Reproduction of conifers.
  • Chadwick, L. C.; Keen, R. A. 1976. A study of the genus Taxus.
  • Chamberlain, C. J. 1935. Gymnosperms: Structure and Evolution. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • Chang, Y. P. 1954. Bark structure of North American conifers.
  • Chaw, S. M. et.al. 1993. The phylogenetic positions of Taxaceae based on 18S rRNA sequences. J. Molecular Evolution 37: 624-30.
  • Collins, D.; Mill, R. D.; Moller, M. 2003. Species seperation of Taxus baccata, T. canadensis, and T. cuspidata (Taxaceae) and origins of their reputed hybrids inferred from RAPD and CPDNA data. Amer. J. Bot. 90: 175-182.
  • Cope, E. A. 1986. Native and cultivated conifers of northeastern North America. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY.
  • Cope, E. A. 1984. Taxonomy and conifers. Bull. American Conifer Soc. 1(3): 68-71.
  • Cope, E. A. 1998. Taxaceae: the genera and cultivated species. Bot. Rev. 64: 291-322.
  • Corradini, P. et.al. 2002. Architectural and genotypic variation in the clonal shrub Taxus canadensis as determined from random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism. Canad. J. Bot. 80: 205-219.
  • Coulter, J. M.; Chamberlain, C. J. 1917. Morphology of gymnosperms. Chicago. , 466 pages.
  • Dallimore, W.; Jackson, A. B. 1966. A handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae, revised by S.G. Harrison. ed. St. Martins Press, New York.
  • Dark, S. O. S. 1932. Chromosomes of Taxus, Sequoia, Cryptomeria, and Thuya. Ann. Bot. 46: 965-77.
  • De Laubenfels, D. J. 1953. The external morphology of coniferous leaves. Phytomorphology 3: 1-20.
  • Di Sapio, O. A.; Gattuso, S. J.; Gattuso, M. A. 1997. Morphoanatomical characters of Taxus baccata bark and leaves. Fitoterapia 68: 252-60.
  • Diehl, W. W.; Fosberg, F. R. 1950. Taxus in piedmont Virginia. Castanea 15: 129-31.
  • Dogra, P. D. 1964. Pollination mechanisms in Gymnosperms. In: Advances in palynolgy. Lucknow. , 142-75 pages.
  • Dogra, P. D. 1980. Embryogeny of gymnosperms and taxonmy- an assessment. In: Glimpses in plant research, 5. New Delhi. , 114-28 pages.
  • Dogra, P. D. 1978. Morphology, development and nomenclature of conifer embryo. Phytomorphology 28(3): 307-22.
  • Doyle, J. 1945. Developmental lines in pollination mechanisms in the Coniferales. Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 24: 43-62.
  • Dupler, A. 1917. The gametophytes of Taxus canadensis Marsh. Bot. Gaz. 64: 115-36.
  • Dupler, A. 1920. Ovuliferous structures of Taxus canadensis. Bot. Gaz. 69: 492-520.
  • Dupler, A. W. 1920. Staminate strobilus of Taxus canadensis. Bot. Gaz. 68: 345-66.
  • Eckenwalder, J. E. 2009. Conifers of the world. Timber Press, Portland, OR. , 720 pages. (ISBN 9780881929744)
  • Erdtmann, H. 1958. Conifer chemistry and taxonomy of conifers. In: Proc. 4th Intern. Congr. Biochemistry, biochemistry of wood. Vol. 2. Pergammon Press, London. , 1-28 pages.
  • Farjon, A. 1990. A bibliography of conifers. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, Germany.
  • Farjon, A. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of conifers. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK. , 298 pages. (ISBN 1900347547)
  • Farjon, A. 2005. A bibliography of conifers. ed. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK. , 211 pages. (ISBN 1842461206)
  • Favre-Duchartre, M. 1958. Contribution a l'Etude de la reproduction sexuee chez Taxus baccata. Compt. Rend. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 246: 979-82.
  • Ferguson, D. K. 1978. Some current research of fossil and recent taxads. Rev. Palaeob. Palynol. 26: 213-26.
  • Fett-Neto, A. G.; DiCosmo, F. 1992. Distribution and amounts of taxol in different shoot parts of Taxus cuspidata. Pl. Med. (Stuttgart) 58: 464-6.
  • Florin, R. 1955. The systematics of gymnosperms. In: A century of progress in the natural sciences, 1853-1953. California Acad. Sci., San Francisco. , 323-403 pages.
  • Florin, R. 1948. On the morphology and relationships of the Taxaceae. Bot. Gaz. 110: 31-9.
  • Florin, R. 1954. The female reproductive organs of conifers and taxads. Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 29: 367-89.
  • Florin, R. 1931. Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Coniferales und Cordaitales. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 10: 1-588. (In German)
  • Florin, R. 1951. Evolution in cordaites and conifers. Acta Horti Berg. 15: 285-388.
  • Flory, W. S. 1936. Chromosome numbers and phylogeny in the gymnosperms. J. Arnold Arbor. 17: 83-9.
  • Fu De-Zhi, Y. Y.; Guang-Hua, Z. 2004. A new scheme of classification of living gymnosperms at family level. Kew Bull. 59: 111-116.
  • Givnish, T. J. 1980. Ecological constraints on the evolution of breeding systems in seed plants: dioecy and dispersal in gymnosperms. Evolution 34: 959-72.
  • Gonsoulin, G. 1975. Taxus canadensis Marsh.: a new state record for Tennessee. Castanea 40: 253-5.
  • Hao, D. C. et.al. 2008. Interspecific relationships and origins of Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae revealed by partitioned Bayesian analysis of chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. Pl. Syst. Evol. 276: 89-104.
  • Hardin, J. W. 1971. Studies of the southeastern United States flora. II. The gymnosperms. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 87: 43-50.
  • Hart, J. A. 1987. A cladistic analysis of conifers: preliminary results. J. Arnold Arbor. 68(3): 269-307.
  • Hartzell, H. 1991. The Yew tree. Hulogosi, Eugene, OR. , 320 pages.
  • Hill, T. G.; De Fraine, E. 1908. On the seedling structure of gymnosperms. I. Ann. Bot. 22: 689-712.
  • Jõger, L. 1899. Beitrõge zur Kenntniss der Endospermbildung und zur Embryologie von Taxus baccata. Flora 86: 241-88. (In German)
  • Keen, R. A. 1956. A study of the genus Taxus. Ph.D. Thesis Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,
  • Keen, R. A.; Chadwick, L. C. 1955. Sex reversal in Taxus. Amer. Nurseryman 100(6): 13-4.
  • Khan, A. G.; Valder, P. G. 1972. Occurence of root nodules in Ginkgoales, Taxales, and Coniferales. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 97: 35-41.
  • Khoshoo, T. N. 1959. Polyploidy in gymnosperms. Evolution 13: 24-39.
  • Khoshoo, T. N. 1961. Chromosome numbers in gymnosperms. Silvae Genet. 10: 1-9.
  • Konar, R. N.; Oberoi, Y. P. 1969. Recent work on reproductive structures of living conifers and taxads- a review. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 35: 89-116.
  • Kwei, Y. L.; Hu, Y. S. 1974. Epidermal feature of the leaves of Taxus in relation to taxonomy. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 329-334. (In Chinese; English summary)
  • Laubenfels, D. J. 1953. The external morphology of coniferous leaves. Phytomorphology 3: 1-23.
  • Ledig, F. R.; Fryer, J. H.; Sartre, J. 1983. The Pinales considered from a chemotaxonomic point of view. Canad. J. Forest Res. 13: 145-54.
  • Li, H. L. 1953. Present distribution and habitats of the conifers and taxads. Evolution 7: 245-61.
  • Li, J.; Davis, C. C.; Del Tredici, P.; Donoghue, M. J. 2001. Phylogeny and biogeography of Taxus (Taxaceae) inferred from sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Harvard Papers in Botany 6: 267-274.
  • Lin, J. 1998. Taxonomic significance of extracellular crystals on the phloem fibers of Taxaceae. Flora (Germany) 193: 173-178.
  • Lin, Jinxing. et.al. 1998. Taxonomic significance of extracellular crystals on the phloem fibres of Taxaceae. Flora 193: 173-178.
  • Little, E. L. 1971. Atlas of United States Trees, Vol. 1. Conifers and important hardwoods. USDA Forest Serv. Misc. Publ. 1146, Washington, D.C.. , 9 pages. (+ 200 maps)
  • Lotova, L. I. 1979. The bark structure of Taxaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, and Podocarpaceae. Vestn. Moskovsk. Univ., Ser. 6, Biol. 1979(3): 3-13. (In Russian; English summary)
  • Martell, A. M. 1974. Canada yew: Taxus canadensis Marsh. In: Shrubs and vines for northeastern wildlife. Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-9. USDA Forest Service. , 158-60 pages.
  • Masters, M. T. 1893. Notes on the genera of Taxaceae and Coniferae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 1-41.
  • Mazzeo, P. M. 1971. Taxus canadensis rediscovered in the Virginia piedmont. Castanea 36: 164-5.
  • McDowell, G. W. 1969. American yew in North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 85: 16-7.
  • Melzack, R. N.; Watts, D. 1982. Variations in seed weight, germination, and seedling vigour in the yew (Taxus baccata L.) in England. J. Biogeogr. 9: 55-63.
  • Miller, C. N. 1988. The origin of modern conifer families. In: Origin and evolution of gymnosperms. New York. , 448-86 pages.
  • Mitchell, R. S. (eds.) (1992): 1992. Pinophyta (Gymnosperms) of New York State. Vol. NY State Museum Bull. 483. Univ. of the state of NY, Albany, NY. , 80 pages.
  • Nicolosi, R. T.; Lineberger, R. D. 1982. Differentiation of Taxus species and selected cultivars based on leaf and pollen surface characters. (abstract), 79th Annual meeting of the Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., Ames, IA. Hortscience 17: 521.
  • Niklas, K. J. 1985. Wind pollination of Taxus cuspidata. Amer. J. Bot. 72: 1-13.
  • Otto, A.; Wilde, V. 2001. Sesqui-, di-, and triterpenoids as chemosystematic markers in extant conifers- a review. Bot. Rev. 67: 141-238. (with German abstract)
  • Pacini, E.; Franchi, G. G.; Ripaccioli, M. 1999. Ripe pollen structure and histochemistry of some gymnosperms. Pl. Syst. Evol. 217: 81-99.
  • Paratley, R. D. 1986. Vegetation-environment relations in a conifer swamp in central New York. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 113: 357-371.
  • Pennell, R. I.; Bell, P. R. 1985. Microsporogenesis in Taxus baccata: the development of the archaesporium. Ann. Bot. 56: 415-28.
  • Pennell, R. I.; Bell, P. R. 1986. Microsporogenesis in Taxus baccata: the formation of the tetrad and development of the microspores. Ann. Bot. 57: 545-56.
  • Pennell, R. I.; Bell, P. R. 1986. The development of the male gametophyte and spermatogenesis in Taxus baccata. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B Biol. Sci. 228: 85-96.
  • Pennell, R. I.; Bell, P. R. 1987. Megasporogenesis and the subsequent cell lineage within the ovule of Taxus baccata L. Ann. Bot. 59: 693-704.
  • Pennell, R. I.; Bell, P. R. 1988. Insemination of the archegonium and fertilization in Taxus baccata L. J. Cell Sci. 89: 551-60.
  • Pielou, E. C. 1988. The world of northern evergreens. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, NY. , 174 pages.
  • Pilger, R. 1917. Kritische Ubersicht uber die neuere Literatur betreffend dir Familie der Taxaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 1-43. (In German)
  • Pilger, R. 1909. Die Morphologie des weiblichen Blutensprosschens von Taxus. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 241-50. (In German)
  • Pilger, R. 1926. Coniferae. In: Nat. Pflanzenfam.. 2 ed. Vol. 13. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. , (In German)
  • Potzger, J. E. 1937. Vegetative reproduction in conifers. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 18: 1001-4.
  • Price, R. A. 1990. The genera of Taxaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 71: 69-91.
  • Quinn, C. J.; Price, R. A.; Gadek, P. A. 2002. Familial concepts and relationships in the conifers based on rbcL and matK sequence comparisons. Kew Bull. 57: 513-531.
  • Rehder, A. A. 1923. New species, varieties and combinations from the herbarium and collections at the Arnold Arboretum. J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 107-16.
  • Rushford, K. D. 1987. Conifers. Christopher Helm, London. , 232 pages.
  • Rushforth, D. K. 1990. Conifers. Facts of File Publications, New York.
  • Russin, W. A. et al. et.al. 1995. Immunocytochemical localization in Taxus cuspidata. Int. J. Plant Sci. 156(5): 668-78.
  • Sahni, B. 1920. On certain archaic features in the seed of Taxus baccata, with remarks on the antiquity of Taxineae. Ann. Bot. 34: 117-33.
  • Sakai, A. 1983. Comparative study on freezing resistance of conifers with special reference to cold adaptation and its evolutive aspects. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 2323-32.
  • Silba, J. 1984. An international census of the Coniferae, I. Phytologia Mem. 7: 1-79.
  • Silba, J. 1986. Encyclopedia Coniferae. Phytologia Mem. 8: 1-127.
  • Singh, H. 1978. Embryology of gymnosperms. Band 10, Teil 2. In: Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie. Gebruder Borntr., Berlin. ,
  • Smith, W. K.; Hinckley, T. M. (eds.) (1995): 1995. Conifers. Acedemic Press, New York.
  • Spjut, R. W. 2007. Taxonomy and nomenclature of Taxus (Taxaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 203-289.
  • Spjut, R. W. 2007. A phytogeographical analysis of Taxus (Taxaceae) based on leaf anatomical characters. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 291-332.
  • Sporne, K. R. 1974. The Morphology of Gymnosperms. ed. Hutchinson & Co., London. , 216 pages.
  • Stachowicz, J. J.; Allison, T. D. 1995. Vegetation, browsing, and site factors as determinants of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis) distribution in central New Hampshire. Rhodora 97: 357-74.
  • Stefanovic, S. et al. et.al. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of conifers inferred from partial 28S rRNA gene sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 688-97.
  • Sterling, C. 1948. Gametophyte development in Taxus cuspidata. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 147-65.
  • Sterling, C. 1949. Embryonic differentiation in Taxus cuspidata. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 76: 116-33.
  • Sterling, C. 1948. Proembryogeny and early embryology in Taxus cuspidata. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 469-85.
  • Su, Y.; Wang, T.; Zhang, H. 1997. Advances in the experimental taxonomy of Taxaceae, Cephalotaxaceae and Podocarpaceae. Guihaia 17: 133-44. (In Chinese; English summary)
  • Sullivan, J. 1993. Taxus canadensis. ()
  • Takaso, T. 1990. "Pollination drop" time at the Arnold Arboretum. Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 50: 2-7.
  • Tarbaeva, V. M. 1994. Structure of seeds and seed coats in species of Taxaceae. Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada (Moscow) 170: 95-102. (In Russian; English summary)
  • Voliotis, D. 1987. Historical and environmental significance of the yew (Taxus baccata L.). Israel J. Bot. 35: 47-52.
  • Voliotis, D. 1986. Historical and environmental significance of the yew (Taxus baccata L.). Israel J. Bot. 35(1): 47-52.
  • Wang, F. H.; Chen, Z. K.; Hu, Y. S. 1979. On the systematic position of Taxaceae from embryological and anatomical studies. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 1-7. (In Chinese; English summary)
  • Wilde, M. H. 1944. A new interpretation of coniferous cones. Ann. Bot. (London) 8: 1-41.
  • Wilde, M. H. 1976. A new interpretation of microsporangiate cones in Cephalotaxaceae and Taxaceae. Phytomorphology 25(4): 434-50.
  • Wilson, P.; Buonopane, M.; Allison, T. D. 1996. Reproductive biology of the monoecious clonal shrub Taxus canadensis. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 123: 7-15.
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  • Zhi, F. D.; Yong, Y.; Hua, Z. G. 2004. A new scheme of classification of living gymnosperms at family level. Kew Bull. 59: 111-116.