New York Metropolitan Flora

Family: Convallariaceae

By Science Staff

Not peer reviewed

Last Modified 02/15/2013

List of Convallariaceae Genera

Medeola Clintonia Streptopus Maianthemum Convallaria Polygonatum

References to Convallariaceae

  • Barrett, S. C. H. 1982. Breeding systems and flowering phenology of boreal forest herbs. Bot. Soc. Amer., Misc. Publ. 162: 28.
  • Barrett, S. C. H. 1984. Variation in floral sexuality of diclinous Aralia (Araliaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71: 278-88. (Also Cornus, Maianthemum, Medeola, & Trientalis)
  • Barrett, S. C. H.; Helenurm, K. 1987. The reproductive biology of boreal forest herbs I. Breeding systems and pollination. Canad. J. Bot. 65: 2036-2046.
  • Berg, R. Y. 1962. Morphology and taxonomic position of Medeola, Liliaceae. 3: 1-55.
  • Boerner, R. E. J. 1986. Seasonal nutrient dynamics, nutrient resorption, and mycorrhizal infection intensity of two perennial forest herbs. Amer. J. Bot. 73: 1249-1257.
  • Burke, D. J. 2008. Effects of Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard; Brassicaceae) on mycorrhizal colonization and community structure in three herbaceous plants in a mixed deciduous forest. Amer. J. Bot. 95: 1416-1425.
  • Bush, B. F. 1927. The species of Polygonatum. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 385-400.
  • Cain, M. L.; Cook, R. E. 1988. Growth in Medeola virginiana clones II. Stochastic simulation of vegetative spread. Amer. J. Bot. 75: 732-738.
  • Carter, A. 1892. Notes on pollination. Bot. Gaz. 17: 19-22.
  • Carter, C. R. 1968. Variations in populations of Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 95: 305-309.
  • Cook, R. E. 1988. Growth in Medeola virginiana clones I. Field observations. Amer. J. Bot. 75: 725-731.
  • Corbet, S. A. et.al. 1988. Vibratory pollen collection and flower form: bumble-bees on Actinidia, Symphytum, Borago and Polygonatum. Funct. Ecol. 2: 147-155.
  • Flinn, M. A.; Pringle, J. K. 1983. Heat tolerance of rhizomes of several understory species. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 452-7.
  • Flinn, M. A.; Wein, R. W. 1988. Regrowth of forest understory species following seasonal burning. Canad. J. Bot. 66: 150-155.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2002. Flora of North America. Volume 26. Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. , 723 pages. (ISBN 0195152085)
  • Gates, R. R. 1917. A revision of the genus Polygonatum in North America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 117-126.
  • Gates, R. R. 1917. A systematic study of the North American genus Trillium, its variability, and its relation to Paris and Medeola. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 43-92.
  • Hayashi, K. et.al. 2001. Molecular systematics in the genus Clintonia and related taxa based on rcbL and matK gene sequence data. Pl. Spec. Biol. 16: 119-137.
  • Helenurm, K.; Barrett, S. C. H. 1987. The reproductive biology of boreal forest herbs II. Phenology of flowering and fruiting. Canad. J. Bot. 65: 2047-2056.
  • Hull, J. C. 2002. Photosynthetic induction dynamics to sunflecks of four deciduous forest understory herbs with different phenologies. Int. J. Plant Sci. 163: 913-924.
  • Kapoor, B. M. et.al. 1987. Annotated list of the chromosome numbers of the vascular flora of northeastern America V. Naturaliste Canad. 114: 105-116.
  • Kato, H. et.al. 1995. Molecular systematics of the Trilliaceae sensu lato as inferred from rbcL sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4: 184-193.
  • Kim, S. C.; Lee, N. S. 2007. Generic delimitation and biogeography of Maianthemum and Smilacina (Ruscaceae sensu lato): preliminary results based on partial 3' matK gene and trnK 3' intron sequences of cpDNA. Pl. Syst. Evol. 265: 1-12.
  • Kirschbaum, C. D.; Anacker, B. L. 2005. The utility of Trillium and Maianthemum as phyto-indicators of deer impact in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA. Forest Ecol. & Manag. 217: 54-66.
  • La Frankie, J. V. 1986. Morphology and taxonomy of the New World species of Maianthemum (Liliaceae). J. Arnold Arbor 67: 371-439.
  • La Frankie, J. V. 1986. Transfer of the species of Smilacina to Maianthemum (Liliaceae). Taxon 35: 584-589.
  • Magnarelli, L. A. 1983. Nectar sugars and caloric reserves in natural populuations of Aedes canadensis and Aedes stimulans Diptera Culicidae. Environmental Entomology 12: 1482-1486.
  • Malloch, D.; Malloch, B. 1981. The mycorrhizal status of boreal plants: species from northeastern Ontario. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 2167-72.
  • Ownbey, R. P. 1944. The Liliaceous genus Polygonatum in North America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31: 373-413.
  • Paratley, R. D. 1986. Vegetation-environment relations in a conifer swamp in central New York. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 113: 357-371.
  • Piper, J. K. 1986. Germination and growth of bird-dispersed plants effects of seed size and light on seedling vigor and biomass allocation. Amer. J. Bot. 73: 959-965.
  • Reveal, J. L. 1993. Streptopus lanceolatus, new name (Aiton) Reveal, a new name for Streptopus roseus Michx. (Convallariaceae). Phytologia 74: 185-189.
  • Robertson, C. 1896. Flowers and insects. XVI. Bot. Gaz. 21: 266-274.
  • Rooney, T. P. 2001. Deer impacts on forest ecosystems: A North American perspective. Forestry (Oxford) 74: 201-208.
  • Ruhren, S.; Handel, S. N. 2003. Herbivory constrains survival, reproduction and mutualisms when restoring nine temperate forest herbs. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 130: 34-42.
  • Sobey, D. G.; Barkhouse, P. 1977. The structure and rate of growth of the rhizomes of some forest herbs and dwarf shrubs of the New Brunswick-Nova Scotia border region. Canad. Field-Naturalist 91: 377-83.
  • Tamura, M. N. et.al. 1997. Biosystematic studies on the genus Polygonatum (Convallariaceae) IV. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on restriction site mapping of the chloroplast gene trnK. Feddes Repert. 108: 159-168.
  • Thaler, G. R.; Plowright, R. C. 1980. The effect of aerial insecticide spraying for spruce budworm control on the fecundity of entomophilous plants in New Brunswick. Canad. J. Bot. 58: 2022-2027.
  • Therman, E. 1950. Chromosome numbers in American Polygonatum species. Amer. J. Bot. 37: 407-413.
  • Therman, E. 1956. Cytotaxonomy of the tribe Polygonatae. Amer. J. Bot. 43: 134-142.
  • Utech, F. H. 1973. A biosystematic study of the genus Clintonia Raf. (Liliaceae: Polygonatae). Ph.D. Thesis Washington Univ.,
  • Utech, F. H. 1975. Biosystematic studies in Clintonia (Liliaceae: Polygonatae) III. Cytogeography, chromosome numbers and chromosome morphology of the North American species of Clintonia. Cytologia 40: 765-786.
  • Vogt, R. 1915. The ecology and anatomy of Polygonatum commutatum. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 1-11.
  • Whitney, G. G. 1984. The reproductive biology of raspberries and plant-pollinator community structure. Amer. J. Bot. 71: 887-894. (Also Prunus, Uvularia)
  • Widden, P. 1996. The morphology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in Clintonia borealis and Medeola virginiana. Canad. J. Bot. 74: 679-685.