Nomenclature

Elaeagnus L., Sp. Pl. 121. 1753. Gen Pl., ed. 5, 57. 1754. (also spelled “Aeleagnus”). Oleaster Heist. ex Fabr., Enum. 214. 1759, nom. illeg. (Art. 52.1). LECTOTYPE: Elaeagnus angustifolia L. designated by Britton & Brown (1913).

Octarillum Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 65, 90. 1790. TYPE: Octarillum fruticosum Lour.

Key to the species of Elaeagnus

1. Leaves silvery on both sides; twigs often with thorns...2
1. Leaves silvery beneath, soon greenish above; twigs lacking thorns...3

2. Branches silvery; fruit yellow...Elaeagnus angustifolia
2. Branches brown; fruit silvery...Elaeagnus commutata

3. Bracts silvery; fruit subglobose to ovoid on stalks 0.8-1.2 cm long...Elaeagnus umbellata
3. Bracts brown; fruit ovoid to oblong on stalks 1.2-2.5 cm long...Elaeagnus multiflora

List of Elaeagnus Species

References to Elaeagnus

• . Element Stewardship Abstract for Elaeagnus umbellata.
• Allan, P. F.; Steiner, W. F. 1965 . Autumn olive for wildlife and other conservation uses.
• Anonymous 1889 . Notes. Gard. & Forest 2: 600.
• Baillon, H. 1870 . Elaeagnecees. Hist. Pl. 2: 487-497. (In French; see English trans. by M.M. Hartog, Nat. Hist. Pl. 2:481-491. 1872)
• Borell, A. E. 1962 . Russian-olive for wildlife and other conservation uses.
• Brown, W. T. et.al. 2001 . Volunteer monitoring of nonindigenous invasive plant species in the Adirondack Park, New York, USA. Natural Areas Journal 21: 189-196.
• Catling, P. M. et.al. 1997 . The recent spread of autumn-olive, Elaeagnus umbellata, into southern Ontario and its current status. Canad. Field-Naturalist 111: 376-80.
• Dirr, M. A. 1978 . Tolerance of seven woody ornamentals to soil-applied sodium chloride. J. Arboric. 4(7): 162-5.
• Eckardt, N. 1987 . Element stewardship abstract for Elaegnus umbellata - autumn olive.
• Edelen, W. J. 1997 . Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) control experiment underway. Restor. Manag. Notes 15: 198-9.
• Freeman, C. C. et.al. 1998 . Vascular plants new to Kansas. Sida 18: 593-604.
• Fuchs, A. 1936 . Untersuchungen uber den mõnnlichen Gametophyten von Elaeagnus angustifolia. Oesterr. Bot. Z. 85: 1-16.
• Gardner, I. C. 1958 . Nitrogen fixation in Elaeagnus root nodules. Nature 181: 717-8.
• Graham, S. A. 1964 . The Elaeagnaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 45: 274-8.
• Hamilton, D. F.; Carpenter, P. L. 1976 . Regulation of seed dormancy in Elaeagnus angustifolia by endogenous growth substances. Canad. J. Bot. 54(10): 1068-73.
• Hamilton, D. F.; Carpenter, P. L. 1975 . Regulation of seed dormancy in Elaeagnus umbellata by endogenous growth substances. Canad. J. Bot. 53: 2303-11.
• Hawker, L. E.; Fraymouth, J. 1951 . A re-investigation of the root-nodules of species of Elaeagnus, Hippophaë, Alnus, and Myrica, with special reference to the morphology and life histories of the causative organisms. J. Gen. Microbiol. 5: 369-86.
• Herron, P.M. et.al. 2007 . Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England. Diversity and Distributions 13: 633-644.
• Hogue, E. J.; LaCroix, L. J. 1970 . Seed dormancy of Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 95(4): 449-52.
• LaFleur, N. et.al. 2009 . Does frugivory by European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) facilitate germination in invasive plants? J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 136: 332-341.
• Miller, I. M.; Baker, D. D. 1985 . The initiation, development and structure of root nodules in Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Elaeagnaceae). Protoplasma 128: 107-19.
• Pisula, N. L.; Meiners, S. J. 2010 . Relative allelopathic potential of invasive plant species in a young disturbed woodland. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 137: 81-87.
• Pomeroy, C. S. 1921 . Bud variation in Elaeagnus. J. Heredity 12: 227-30.
• Reed, W. R. 1992 . Elaeagnus umbellata. ()
• Servettaz, G. 1909 . Monographie des Eleagnacees. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 25: 1-420. (In German)
• Shafroth, P. B.; Auble, G. T.; Scott, M. L. 1995 . Germination and establishment of the native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marshall subsp. monilifera) and the exotic Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.). Conserv. Biol. 9(5): 1169-75.
• Tesky, J. L. 1992 . Elaeagnus angustifolia. ()
• Yamazaki, T. 1975 . Embryogeny of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. J. Jap. Bot. 50(9): 281-4.