New York Metropolitan Flora

Nomenclature

Key to the species of Amelanchier

2. Ovary summit glabrous...3
2. Ovary summit pubescent...4

3. Stem height less than 2 m tall...Amelanchier obovalis
3. Stem height 2 m or more...Amelanchier canadensis

4. Veins ending in teeth...Amelanchier humilis
4. Veins not ending in teeth...Amelanchier stolonifera

5. Stem height less than 2 m Amelanchier nantucketensis
5. Stem height 2 m or more...6

6. Ovary summit glabrous; young branchlets grayish...Amelanchier arborea
6. Ovary summit pubescent; young branchlets reddish...Amelanchier sanguinea

List of Amelanchier Species

References to Amelanchier

• Aldasoro, J. J.; Aedo, C.; Navarro, C. 1998. Pome anatomy of Rosaceae subfam. Maloideae, with special reference to Pyrus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 518-527.
• Ashe, W. W. 1904. East American thorns. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 20: 47-56.
• Boileau, F.; Crete, M.; Huot, J. 1994. Food habits of the black bear, Ursus americanus, and habitat use in Gaspesie Park, eastern Quebec. Canad. Field-Naturalist 108: 162-9. (French summary)
• Campbell, C. S. et.al. 1997. Morphological variation in sexual and agamospermous Amelanchier (Rosaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1166-73.
• Campbell, C. S.; Alice, L. A.; Wright, W. A. 1999. Comparisons of within-population genetic variation in sexual and agamospermous Amelanchier (Rosaceae) using RAPD markers. Pl. Syst. Evol. 215: 157-167.
• Campbell, C. S.; Greene, C. W.; Bergquist, S. E. 1987. Apomixis and sexuality in three species of Amelanchier, shadbush (Rosaceae, Maloideae). Amer. J. Bot. 74: 321-8.
• Campbell, C. S.; Greene, C. W.; Neubauer, B. F.; Higgins, J. M. 1985. Apomixis in Amelanchier laevis, shadbush (Rosaceae, Maloideae). Amer. J. Bot. 72: 1397-403.
• Campbell, C. S.; Wright, W. A. 1996. Agamospermy, hybridization, and taxonomic complexity in Amelanchier (Rosaceae). Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 31: 345-54.
• Carpenter, S. B.; Smith, N. D. 1981. A comparative study of leaf thickness among southern Appalachian hardwoods. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 1393-6.
• Challice, J. S. 1981. Chemotaxonomic studies in the family Rosaceae and the evolutionary origins of the subfamily Maloideae. Preslia 53(4): 289-304. (Chech summary)
• Cinq-Mars, L. 1971. Le genre Amelanchier au Quebec. Naturaliste Canad. 98: 329-45.
• Cook, D. B.; Hamilton, W. J. 1944. The ecological relationships of red fox food in eastern New York. Ecology 25(1): 91-104.
• Crocker, W.; Barton, L. V. 1931. After-ripening, germination, and storage of certain rosaceous seeds. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. Pl. Res. 3: 385-404.
• Cruise, J. E. 1964. Studies of natural hybrids in Amelanchier. Canad. J. Bot. 42: 651-663.
• Dibble, A. C. 1995. Conservation biology of shadbush, Amelanchier (Rosaceae): evidence from systematics, population structure and reproductive ecology. Ph.D. Dissertation University of Maine, Orono, ME,
• Dibble, A. C.; Campbell, C. S. 1995. Distribution and conservation of Nantucket shadbush, Amelanchier nantucketensis (Rosaceae). Rhodora 97: 339-49.
• Dibble, A. C.; Campbell, C. S.; Wright, W. A. 1991. Reproductive biology of the narrow endemic Amelanchier nantucketensis (Rosaceae:Maloideae). Amer. J. Bot. 78(6)(Suppl.): 179. (Abstract)
• Dibble, A. C.; Drummond, F. A. 1997. Floral syndrome in Amelanchier nantucketensis (Rosaceae). I. Floral density, bee activity, and characterization of andropetaly. Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1851-9.
• Dibble, A. C.; Drummond, F. A.; Laberge, W. E. 1997. Floral syndrome in Amelanchier nantucketensis (Rosaceae). II. Bee preference and diversity associated with andropetaly. Canad. J. Bot. 75: 1860-7.
• Dibble, A. C.; Wright, W. A.; Campbell, C. S. 1998. Quantitative morphology of the Amelanchier agamic complex (Rosaceae) at a Maine site. Syst. Bot. 23: 31-41.
• Dibello, F. J.; Arthur, S. M.; Krohn, W. B. 1990. Food habits of sympatric coyotes, red foxes, and bobcats in Maine. Canad. Field-Naturalist 104: 403-8.
• Ehrenfeld, J. G.; Gulick, M. 1981. Structure and dynamics of hardwood swamps in the New Jersey Pine Barrens: contrasting patterns in trees and shrubs. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 471-81.
• Fernald, M. L. 1941. Another century of additions to the flora of Virginia. Rhodora 43: 559-630, 635-657.
• Fernald, M. L. 1946. Amelanchier spicata not an American species. Rhodora 48(570): 125-9.
• Fletcher, W. F. 1946. American species of Amelanchier. Ill. Biol. Monographs. Vol. 20, No. 2. Univ. of Illinois Press, Urbana.
• Frye, C. T. 2006. Morphometric analysis of an Amelanchier (Rosaceae: Maloideae) complex on the Delmarva Peninsula (Delaware, Maryland and eastern Virginia) resolves the taxonomic identities of Amelanchier obovalis and A. canadensis. Sida 22: 1027-1048.
• Good, N. F.; Good, R. E. 1972. Population dynamics of tree seedlings and saplings in a mature eastern hardwood forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 99: 172-8.
• Gorchov, D. L. 1985. Fruit ripening asynchrony is related to variable seed number in Amelanchier and Vaccinium. Amer. J. Bot. 72: 1939-43.
• Gorchov, D. L. 1988. Effects of pollen and resources on seed number and other fitness components in Amelanchier arborea (Rosaceae: Maloideae). Amer. J. Bot. 75(9): 1275-85.
• Gorchov, D. L. 1988. Does asynchronous fruit ripening avoid satiation of seed dispersers?: a field test. Ecology 69: 1545-51.
• Gorchov, D. L.; Estabrook, G. F. 1987. A test of several hypotheses for the determination of seed number in Amelanchier arborea, using simulated probability distributions to evaluate data. Amer. J. Bot. 74: 1893-7.
• Hargrave, P. D. 1937. Seed germination of the saskatoon and pinchberry. Sci. Agr. Ottawa 17: 736-9.
• Harris, R. E. 1970. The genus Amelanchier. J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 95: 116-8.
• Heit, C. E. 1968. Thirty-five years' testing of tree and shrub seed. J. Forest. 66(8): 632-3.
• Hilton, R. J.; Jaswal, A. S.; Teskey, B. J. E.; Barabas, B. 1965. Rest period studies on seeds on Amelanchier, Prunus and Sorbus. Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 45: 79-85.
• Hooker, J. D. 1898. Amelanchier canadensis, Medic. var. oblongifolia, Torr. & Gr. Bot. Mag. 124: pl. 7619.
• Hunnewell, F. W. 1923. An extended range for Amelanchier amabilis. Rhodora 23(267): 71-2.
• Iverson, R. 1981. Amelanchiers. Amer. Horticulturist 60(10): 26-7, 36-7.
• Jones, G. N. 1946. American species of Amelanchier. Illinois Biol. Monogr. 20(2), Urbana, IL. , 126 pages. (For review - see Rhodora 48:129-134. 1946. & Madroño 8:237-240. 1946. & Castanea 11(4):133. 1946.)
• Jurik, T. W.; Weber, J. A.; Gates, D. M. 1988. Effects of temperature and light on photosynthesis of dominant species of a northern hardwood forest. Bot. Gaz. 149: 203-8.
• Lamont, E. E.; Fitzgerald, J. M. 2001. Noteworthy plants reported from the Torrey Range- 2000. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128: 409-414.
• Landry, P. 1976. Taxonomy and distribution of Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. in Quebec and throught the Maritimes. Naturaliste Canad. 103(4): 377-85. (In French; English summary)
• Landry, P. 1975. The concept of species and the taxonomy of the genus Amelanchier (Rosaceae). Bull. Soc. Bot. France 122(5-6): 243-51. (In French)
• Lindenhofer, A; Weber, A 1999. The spiraeoid androecium of Pyroideae and Amygdaloideae (Rosaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 121: 583-605.
• Lindley, J. 1828. Amelanchier sanguinea. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1171.
• Lumis, G. P.; Hofstra, G.; Hall, R. 1973. Sensitivity of roadside trees and shrubs to aerial drift of deicing salt. Hortscience 8: 475-7.
• Lumis, G. P.; Hofstra, G.; Hall, R. 1975. Salt damage to roadside plants. J. Arboric. 1(1): 14-6.
• Malloch, D.; Malloch, B. 1981. The mycorrhizal status of boreal plants: species from northeastern Ontario. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 2167-72.
• Mansfeld, R. 1939. Zur Nomenklatur der Farn- und Blutenpflanzen Deutschlands. V. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 286-309.
• Mason, E. A. 1966. The slender shadbushes. Cornell Plantations 22: 19-20.
• Maycock, P. F. 1963. The phytosociology of the deciduous forests of extreme southern Ontario. Canad. J. Bot. 41: 379-438.
• McDaniel, J. C. 1974. Nomenclature: perennial problem in Amelanchier arborea. Amer. Nurseryman 139(7): 66-8.
• McKay, S. M. 1973. A biosystematic study of the genus Amelanchier in Ontario. M.S. Thesis Univ. Toronto255 p.
• Nielsen, E. L. 1939. A taxonomic study of the genus Amelanchier in Minnesota. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 22: 160-206.
• Olson, A. R.; Steeves, T. A. 1982. Structural changes in the developing fruit wall of Amelanchier alnifolia. Canad. J. Bot. 60: 1880-7.
• Overath, R. D.; Hamrick, J. L. 1998. Allozyme diversity in Amelanchier arborea and A. Laevis (Rosaceae). Rhodora 100: 276-292.
• Phipps, J. B.; Robertson, K. R.; Rohrer, J. R.; Smith, P. G. 1991. Origins and evolution of subfam. Maloideae (Rosaceae). Syst. Bot. 16: 303-32.
• Phipps, J. B.; Smith, P. G.; Rohrer, J. R. 1990. A checklist of the subfamily Maloideae (Rosaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 68: 2209-69. (French summary)
• Robertson, C. 1894. Flowers and insects: Rosaceae and Compositae. Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. 6: 435-80.
• Robertson, K. R.; Phipps, J. B.; Rohrer, J. R. 1992. Summary of leaves in the genera of Maloideae (Rosaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 81-94.
• Robertson, K. R.; Phipps, J. B.; Rohrer, J. R.; Smith, P. G. 1991. A synopsis of genera in Maloideae (Rosaceae). Syst. Bot. 16: 376-94.
• Robinson, B. L. 1908. Notes on the vascular plants of the northeastern United States. Rhodora 10: 29-35.
• Robinson, W. A. 1982. Experimental taxonomy in the genus Amelanchier II: do the taxa in the genus Amelanchier form an agamic complex? Rhodora 84: 85-100.
• Robinson, W. A. 1986. Effect of fruit ingestion on Amelanchier seed germination. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 113: 131-4.
• Robinson, W. A.; Partanen, C. R. 1980. Experimental taxonomy in the genus Amelanchier I: a new look at the chromosome numbers of the Amelanchier species growing in the northeastern United States. Rhodora 82(831): 483-93.
• Rohrer, J. R.; Robertson, K. R.; Phipps, J. B. 1991. Variation in structure among fruits of Maloideae (Rosaceae) Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1617-35.
• Sargent, C. S. 1892. Amelanchier. Silva N. Am. 4: 125-32.
• Schroeder, F. G. 1968. Zur Nomenklatur in der Gattung Amelanchier (Rosaceae). Taxon 17: 633-4. (In German, English summary)
• Snyder, S. A. 1992. Amelanchier arborea. ()
• Sprague, T. A. 1929. The correct spelling of certain generic names. V. Kew Bull. 1929: 241-3.
• Sterling, C. 1965. Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Rosaceae. V. Pomoideae: Amelanchier, Aronia, Malacomeles, Malus, Peraphyllum, Pyrus, Sorbus. Amer. J. Bot. 52: 418-26.
• Weatherby, C. A. 1916. Staminoidy of the petals in Amelanchier. Rhodora 18(206): 48-9.
• Weaver, R. E. 1974. The shadbushes. Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 34: 22-31.
• Weaver, R. E. 1980. Outstanding plants of the Arnold Arboretum: Amelanchier arborea. Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 40(2): 94-7.
• Weber, J. E.; Campbell, C. S. 1989. Breeding system of a hybrid between a sexual and an apomictic species of Amelanchier, shadbush (Rosaceae, Maloideae). Amer. J. Bot. 76(3): 341-7.
• Wiegand, K. M. 1912. The genus Amelanchier in eastern North America. Rhodora 14: 117-161. (see <em>ibid</em>. 239-241. and <em>ibid</em>. 22:146-151. 1920.)
• Wiegand, K. M. 1935. A taxonomist's experience with hybrids in the wild. Science 81: 161-6.
• Wiegand, K. M. 1920. Additional notes on Amelanchier. Rhodora 22(260): 146-51.
• Wiegand, K. M. 1921. Amelanchier amabilis, a new name. Rhodora 23(266): 48.
• Wright, P. H. 1973. Amelanchiers. Horticulture (Boston) 51: 62-3, 70.
• Young, S. 1999. More plants of the rare Nantucket juneberry discovered. New York Flora Association Newsletter 10: 3.