New York Metropolitan Flora

Nomenclature

Pongelion Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 319, 593. 1763, nom. rej. TYPE: Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston.

Ailanthus Desf., Mém. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 1786: 265. 1788, nom. cons. TYPE: Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.

Key to the species of Ailanthus

List of Ailanthus Species

References to Ailanthus

• Adamik, K. J.; Brauns, F. E. 1957. Ailanthus glutinosa (tree of heaven) as a pulpwood. Part II. Tappi 40: 522-7. (Part I, Tappi 38(9):150A-153A. 1955.)
• Albright, T. P. et.al. 2010. The ecological niche and reciprocal prediction of the disjunct distribution of an invasive species: the example of Ailanthus altissima. Biological Invasions 12: 2413-2427.
• Ambler, M. A. 1965. Seven alien plant species. William L. Hutcheson Memorial For. Bull. 2: 1-8.
• Anderson, E. 1961. The tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima. A blessing and a curse. Missouri Bot. Gard. Bull. 49: 105-7.
• Anonymous 1996. Tree that grew in Brooklyn is dying all over New York. New York Times 145(50452): 1, 23. (June 8, 1996)
• Axelrod, D. I. 1983. Biogeography of oaks in the arcto-tertiary province. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 629-57. (Many other genera disscussed)
• Bory, G.; Clair-Maczulajtys, D. 1990. Importance of foliar nectaries in the physiology of tree of heaven (Ailanthus glandulosa Desf., Simaroubaceae). Bull. Soc. Bot. France Lett. Bot. 137(2-3): 139-55.
• Bory, G.; Clair-Maczulajtys, D. 1982. Morphology, structure and ontogeny of the floral nectaries of Ailanthus glandulosa. Canad. J. Bot. 60: 818-24. (See also Can. J. Bot. 61:683-. 1983. In French; English summary)
• Bory, G.; Clair-Maczulajtys, D. 1981. Production and different types of seeds in relation with dissemination in Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, (Simaroubaceae). Rev. Gen. Bot. 88(1049-1050-1051): 297-311. (In French; English summary)
• Bory, G.; Clair-Maczulajtys, D. 1980. Morphology, ontogeny and cytology of trichomes of Ailanthus altissima. Phytomorphology 30(1): 67-78.
• Bory, G.; Clair-Maczulajtys, D. 1978. Morphology, anatomy and development of extrafloral nectaries in Ailanthus glandulosa Desf. (Simaroubaceae). Rev. Gen. Bot. 85: 137-56. (In French; English summary)
• Bory, G.; Clair-Maczulajtys, D. 1986. The composition of the nectar and the role of the extrafloral nectaries of Ailanthus glandulosa. Canad. J. Bot. 64: 247-53. (In French; English summary)
• Bourdeau, P. F.; Laverick, M. L. 1958. Tolerance and photosynthetic adaptability to light intensity in white pine, red pine, hemlock, and ailanthus seedlings. Forest Sci. 4: 196-207.
• Brizicky, George K. 1962. The genera of Simaroubaceae and Burseraceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 43: 173-86.
• Burch, P. L.; Zedaker, S. M. 2003. Removing the invasive tree Ailanthus altissima and restoring natural cover. J. Arboric. 29: 18-24.
• Call, L. J.; Nilsen, E. T. 2003. Analysis of spatial patterns and spatial association between the invasive tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) and the native black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Amer. Midl. Naturalist 150: 1-14.
• Clair-Maczulajtys, D.; Bory, G. 1983. The extrafloral nectaries on the petioles of Ailanthus glandulosa. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 683-91.
• Corbett, S. L.; Manchester, S. R. 2004. Phytogeography and fossil history of Ailanthus (Simaroubaceae). Int. J. Plant Sci. 165: 671-690.
• Cronquist, A. 1944. Studies in the Simaroubaceae - IV. Resume of the American genera. Brittonia 5: 128-47.
• Croxton, W. C. 1939. A study of the tolerance of trees to breakage by ice accumulation. Ecology 20: 71-3. (spp. table reprinted in Arborist's News 4(3):24. 1939.)
• Davies, P. A. 1939. Leaf position in Ailanthus altissima in relation to the Fibonacci series. Amer. J. Bot. 26: 67-74.
• Davies, P. A. 1937. Leaf arrangements in Ailanthus altissima. Amer. J. Bot. 24: 401-7.
• Davies, P. A. 1943. Floral glands in Ailanthus altissima. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 11: 12-6.
• Davies, P. A. 1945. Leaf glands on Ailanthus altissima. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 12: 31-3.
• Davies, P. A.; Bennett, E. 1929. Abnormal branching in Ailanthus. J. Heredity 20: 348-9.
• Davies, P. A.; Theiss, E. W. 1937. Factors affecting the method of branching in Ailanthus altissima. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 64: 229-33.
• Davis, W. T. 1886. Fasciation in Ailanthus and Sumach. Proc. Nat. Sci. Assoc. Staten Island December, 1986
• Den Uyl, D. 1962. Survival and growth of hardwood plantations on strip mine spoil banks of Indiana. J. Forest. 60(9): 603-6.
• DiTomaso, J. M.; Kyser, G. B. 2007. Control of Ailanthus altissima using stem herbicide application techniques. Arbor. Urban For. 33: 55-63.
• Dubroca, E.; Bory, G. 1981. Carbohydrate and nitrogen compounds and resistance to dought in Ailanthus altissima. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 9: 283-8. (In French)
• Facelli, J. M. 1994. Multiple indirect effects of plant litter affect the establishment of woody seedlings in old fields. Ecology 75: 1727-35.
• Fernando, E. S.; Gadek, P. A.; Quinn, C. J. 1995. Simaroubaceae, an artificial construct: evidence from rbcL sequence variation. Amer. J. Bot. 82(1): 92-103.
• Fogg, J. M. Jr. 1966. The silent travelers. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Rec. 22: 4-7. (New Series)
• Grime, J. P.; Jeffrey, D. W. 1965. Seedling establishment in vertical gradients of sunlight. J. Ecol. 53(3): 621-42.
• Hall, B. A. 1947. The floral anatomy of the Aceraceae and some related families. Ph.D. Dissertation Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY25 plates + 82 p.
• Heisey, R. M. 1990. Evidence for allelopathy by tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima). J. Chem. Ecol. 16
• Heisey, R. M. 1996. Identification of an allelopathic compound from Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) and characterization of its herbicidal activity. Amer. J. Bot. 83: 192-200.
• Heisey, R. M. 1997. Allelopathy and the secret life of Ailanthus altissima. Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 57: 28-36.
• Heit, C. E. 1968. Thirty-five years' testing of tree and shrub seed. J. Forest. 66(8): 632-3.
• Herron, P.M. et.al. 2007. Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England. Diversity and Distributions 13: 633-644.
• Hoshovsky, M. C. 1988. Element stewardship abstract for Ailanthus altissima - tree-of-heaven.
• Hu, S. Y. 1979. Ailanthus. Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 39: 29-50.
• Huebner, C. D. 2003. Vulnerability of oak-dominated forests in West Virginia to invasive exotic plants: temporal and spatial patterns of nine exotic species using herbarium records and land classification data. Castanea 68: 1-14.
• Huebner, C. D. et.al. 2007. Mycorrhizal associations in Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) from forested and non-forested sites. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 134: 27-33.
• Illick, J. S.; Brouse, E. F. 1926. The Ailanthus tree in Pennsylvania.
• Isenberg, I. H. 1956. Papermaking fibers. Econ. Bot. 10(2): 176-93.
• Kiviat, E. 2004. Occurrence of Ailanthus altissima in a Maryland freshwater tidal estuary. Castanea 69: 139-142.
• Knapp, L. B.; Canham, C. D. 2000. Invasion of an old-growth forest in New York by Ailanthus altissima: sapling growth and recruitment in canopy gaps. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 127: 307-315.
• Kostel-Hughes, F.; Young, T. P.; Carreiro, M. M.; Wehr, J. D. 1996. Experimental effects of urban and rural forest leaf litter on germination and seedling growth of native and exotic northeastern tree species. (Abstract)
• Kostel-Hughes, F.; Young, T. P.; Wehr, J. D. 2005. Effects of leaf litter depth on the emergence and seedling growth of deciduous forest tree species in relation to seed size. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 50-61.
• Kota, N. L. et.al. 2007. Germination and early growth of Ailanthus altissima and tulip poplar in three levels of forest disturbance. Biological Invasions 9: 197-211.
• Kowarik, I. 1995. Clonal growth in Ailanthus altissima on a natural site in West Virginia. J. Veg. Sci. 6(6): 853-6.
• Kozlowski, T. T. 1980. Responses of shade trees to pollution. J. Arboric. 6: 29-40. (Sulphur dioxide & ozone)
• Kriz, V.; Chlebek, M.; Pekar, M. 1957. Ailanthus from the viewpoint of breeding. Lesn. Prßce 36: 116-8. (In Czech.)
• Lawrence, J. G.; Colwell, A.; Sexton, O. J. 1991. The ecological impact of allelopathy in Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 78(7): 948-58.
• Lawrey, J. D. 1977. Trace metal accumulation by plant species from a coal strip-mining area in Ohio. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 104: 368-375.
• Lewis, K. C. 2006. Tree-of-heaven control using herbicide injection. Ecological Restoration 24: 54-56.
• Lumis, G. P.; Hofstra, G.; Hall, R. 1973. Sensitivity of roadside trees and shrubs to aerial drift of deicing salt. Hortscience 8: 475-7.
• Lumis, G. P.; Hofstra, G.; Hall, R. 1975. Salt damage to roadside plants. J. Arboric. 1(1): 14-6.
• Mansfeld, R. 1939. Zur Nomenklatur der Farn- und Blutenpflanzen Deutschlands. V. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 286-309.
• Marshall, P. E.; Furnier, G. R. 1981. Growth response of Ailanthus altissima seedlings to SO2. Environm. Pollut., A. 25: 149-53.
• Marshall, P. E.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1977. Changes in structure and function of epigeous cotyledons of woody angiosperms during early seedling growth. Canad. J. Bot. 55(2): 208-15.
• Marshall, P. E.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1976. Compositional changes in cotyledons of woody angiosperms. Canad. J. Bot. 54(21): 2473-7.
• Marshall, P. E.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1974. The role of cotyledons in growth and development of woody angiosperms. Canad. J. Bot. 52(1): 239-45.
• Mergen, F. 1959. A toxic principle in the leaves of Ailanthus. Bot. Gaz. 121(1): 32-6. (Allelopathy of concentrated <em>Ailanthus</em> extract on 35 spp. of gymnosperms & 11 spp. of angiosperms;)
• Merriam, R. W. 2003. The abundance, distribution and edge associations of six non-indigenous, harmful plants across North Carolina. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 130: 283-291.
• Moore, J. E.; Lacey, E. P. 2009. A comparison of germination and early growth of four early successional tree species of the southeastern United States in different soil and water regimes. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 162: 388-394.
• Nair, N. C.; Joseph, T. S.; Joshi, R. K. 1958. Floral morphology of some members of the Simaroubaceae. Bot. Gaz. 120(2): 88-99.
• Newton, E. 1986. Arboreal riffraf or ultimate tree? Audubon 88: 12-9.
• Ostfeld, R. S.; Manson, R. H.; Canham, C. D. 1997. Effects of rodents on survival of tree seeds and seedlings invading old fields. Ecology 78: 1531-42.
• Pan, E.; Bassuk, N. 1986. Establishment and distribution of Ailanthus altissima in the urban environment. J. Environ. Hort. 4: 1-4.
• Pan, E.; Bassuk, N. 1985. Effects of soil type and compaction on the growth of Ailanthus altissima seedlings. J. Environ. Hort. 3: 158-62.
• Patterson, D. T. 1976. The history and distribution of five exotic weeds in North Carolina. Castanea 41: 177-80.
• Peigler, R. 1993. A defense of Ailanthus. Amer. Horticulturist 72: 38-43.
• Pisula, N. L.; Meiners, S. J. 2010. Relative allelopathic potential of invasive plant species in a young disturbed woodland. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 137: 81-87.
• Rabe, E. P. 1985. Distribution and growth response of Ailanthus altissima in the urban environment. M.S. Thesis Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY87 p. (Also Acer & Liquidambar)
• Santamour, F. S. 1983. Woody-plant succession in the urban forest: filling cracks and crevices. J. Arboric. 9(10): 267-70. (Woody spp. on abandoned brick kilns)
• Shah, B. 1997. The checkered career of Ailanthus altissima. Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 57: 20-7.
• Small, C. J. et.al. 2010. Alleolopathic influences of the invasive Ailanthus altissima on a native and a non-native herb. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 137: 366-372. (Also Dipsacus & Verbesina)
• Small, J. K. 1911. Simaroubaceae. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 227-39.
• Sprague, T. A. 1928. The correct spelling of certain generic names. III. Kew Bull. 1928: 337-79.
• Sprague, T. A. 1928. The correct spelling of certain generic names. II. Kew Bull. 1928: 285-96.
• Swingle, W. T. 1916. The early European history and the botanical name of the tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 490-8.
• Voigt, G. K.; Mergen, F. 1961. Seasonal variation in toxicity of Ailanthus leaves to pine seedlings. Bot. Gaz. 123(4): 262-5.
• Webber, I. E. 1936. Systematic anatomy of the woods of the Simarubaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 23: 577-87.
• Webster, C. R. et.al. 2007. Invasion biology and control of invasive woody plants in eastern forests. Native Plants J. 8: 97-106.
• Wodehouse, R. P. 1945. Hayfever plants. Chronica Botanica, Waltham, MA. , 245 pages.