Genus: Actaea
Key to the species of Actaea
1. Pedicel thick, bright red in fruit; berries white...Actaea pachypoda
1. Pedicel thin, dull green or brown in fruit; berries red...Actaea rubra
List of Actaea Species
References to Actaea
- Compton, J. A.; Culham, A. 2004. Neotypification of Actaea pachypoda Elliot (Ranunculaceae). Taxon 53: 163-165.
- Gleason, H. A. 1944. Actaea alba versus Actaea pachypoda. Rhodora 44: 146-148.
- Hoffmann, M. H. 1999. The phylogeny of Actaea (Ranunculaceae): a biogeographical approach. Pl. Syst. Evol. 216: 251-263.
- Keener, C. S. 1977. Studies in the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States. VI. Miscellaneous genera. Sida 7: 1-12.
- Magnarelli, L. A. 1983. Nectar sugars and caloric reserves in natural populuations of Aedes canadensis and Aedes stimulans Diptera Culicidae. Environmental Entomology 12: 1482-1486.
- Pellmyr, O. 1985. The pollination biology of Actaea pachypoda and A. rubra (including A. erythrocarpa) in northern Michigan and Finland. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 112: 265-273.
- Piper, J. K. 1986. Germination and growth of bird-dispersed plants effects of seed size and light on seedling vigor and biomass allocation. Amer. J. Bot. 73: 959-965.
- Prantl, K. 1888. Beitroge zur Morphologie und Systematik der Ranunculaceen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9: 225-73. (In German)
- Smith, G. H. 1927. Vascular anatomy of Ranalian flowers, - I. Ranunculaceae. Bot. Gaz. 82: 1-29.
- Sobey, D. G.; Barkhouse, P. 1977. The structure and rate of growth of the rhizomes of some forest herbs and dwarf shrubs of the New Brunswick-Nova Scotia border region. Canad. Field-Naturalist 91: 377-83.
- Webster, C. R.; Parker, G. R. 2000. Evaluation of Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke, Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott, and Actaea pachypoda Ell. as potential indicators of white-tailed deer overabundance. Natural Areas Journal 20: 176-188.