New York Metropolitan Flora

Key to the genera of Ranunculaceae

NOTE: temporary Key for woody genera only

1. Plants lianas; leaves opposite...Clematis
1. Plants small shrubs; leaves alternate...Xanthorhiza

List of Ranunculaceae Genera

References to Ranunculaceae

• Ahlgren, C. E.; Ahlgren, I. F. 1981. Some effects of different forest litters on seed germination and growth. Canad. J. Forest Res. 11: 710-714.
• Albrecht, M. A.; McCarthy, B. C. 2006. Comparative analysis of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) population regrowth following human harvest: implications for conservation. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 156: 229-236.
• Angelo, R.; Boufford, D. E. 2010. Atlas of the flora of New England: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Rhodora 112: 244-326.
• Anonymous 1887. Proceedings of the Club. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 14: 154.
• Anonymous 1887. Proceedings of the Club. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 14: 176.
• Barykina, R. P.; Chubatova, N. V. 1981. On types of germination and the first stages of ontogenesis in the Clematis L. Trudy Moskovsk. Obsc. Isp. Prir. 56: 111-40. (In Russian; English summary)
• Baskin, J. M.; Baskin, C. C. 1985. Epicotyl dormancy in seeds of Cimicifuga racemosa and Hepatica acutiloba. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 112: 253-257.
• Bastida, J. M. et.al. 2010. Extended phylogeny of Aquilegia: the biogeographical and ecological patterns of two simultaneous but contrasting rediations. Pl. Syst. Evol. 284: 171-185.
• Benson, L. 1948. A treatise on the North American Ranunculi. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 40: 1-261.
• Benson, L. D. 1948. The North American subdivisions of Ranunculus. Amer. J. Bot. 27: 799-807.
• Benson, L. D. 1954. Supplement to a treatise on the North American Ranunculi. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 52: 328-369.
• Benson, L. D. 1948. A treatise on the North American Ranunculi. Ame. Midl. Nat. 40: 1-261.
• Bernhardt, P. 1976. The pollination ecology of Hepatica acutiloba DC. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 103: 255-258.
• Beskaravainaja, M. A. 1993. Clematis morphology. Clematis 1993: 34-41.
• Beskaravainaya, M. A. 1994. The classification of types of Clematis species for selection purposes. Clematis 1994: 36-40.
• Boivin, B. 1944. American Thalictrum and their Old World allies. Rhodora 46: 337-377.
• Boivin, B. 1948. Key to Canadian species of Thalictrum. Canad. Field-Naturalist 62: 169-170.
• Boivon, B 1944. American Thalictra and their old world allies. Rhodora 46: 337-377, 391-445, 453-487.
• Bostrack, J. M.; Millington, W. F. 1962. On the determination of leaf form in an aquatic heterophyllus species of Ranunculus. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 89: 1-20.
• Britton, Nathaniel L. 1929. The shrub yellow-root. J. New York Bot. Gard. 30(359): 265.
• Britton, Nathaniel L. 1888. New or noteworthy North American phanerogams. I. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 97-104.
• Brooks, V. J. 1994. Nomenclature in the genus Clematis. Clematis 1994: 41-2.
• Campbell, G. R. 1952. The genus Myosurus L. (Ranunculaceae) in North America. El Aliso 2: 389-403.
• Campbell, J. E.; Gibson, D. J. 2001. The effect of seeds of exotic species transported via horse dung on vegetation along trail corridors. Plant Ecology 157: 23-35.
• Carter, G. A.; Teramura, A. H.; Forseth, I. N. 1989. Photosynthesis in an open field for exotic versus native vines of the southeastern United States. Canad. J. Bot. 67: 443-6. (French summary)
• Chester, E. W.; Wofford, B. E.; McKinney, L. E.; Campbell, D. 1996. Rare and noteworthy vascular plants from the Fort Campbell Military Reservation, Kentucky and Tennessee. Sida 17: 269-274.
• Cipollini, K. A.; Schradin, K. D. 2011. Guilty in the court of public opinion: testing presumtive impacts and allelopathic potential of Ranunculus ficaria. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 166: 63-74.
• Compton, J. A.; Culham, A. 2004. Neotypification of Actaea pachypoda Elliot (Ranunculaceae). Taxon 53: 163-165.
• Constantinidis, T. et.al. 2001. Seed morphology in relation to infrageneric classification of Consolida (DC.) Gray (Ranunculaceae). Flora 196: 81-100.
• Cook, C. D. K. 1966. A monographic study of Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium (DC) A. Gray. Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Munchen 6: 47-237.
• Cook, C. D. K. 1963. Studies of the Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium II. General morphological considerations in the taxonomy of the subgenus. Watsonia 5: 294-303.
• Cook, C. D. K. 1969. On the determination of leaf form in Ranunculus aquatilis. New Phyt. 68: 469-480.
• Coonen, L. P. 1939. The chromosomes of Ranunculus. Amer. J. Bot. 26: 49-58.
• Davis, S. L. 2004. Natural levels of pollination intensity and effects of pollen loads on offspring quality in females of Thalictrum pubescens (Ranunculaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 244: 45-54.
• Davis, S. L. 2002. Allocation to floral structures in Thalictrum pubescens (Ranunculaceae), a cryptically dioecious species. Ann. Bot. 90: 119-126.
• Davis, S. L. 1997. Stamens are not maintained as attractants to pollinators in females of cryptically dioecious Thalictrum pubescens Pursh (Ranunculaceae). Sexual Pl. Reprod. 10: 293-299.
• Demars, B. G. 1996. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status of spring ephemerals in two Ohio forests. Ohio J. Science 96: 97-99.
• Donyushkina, E. A.; Novikova, V. M.; Beskaravainaya, M. A. 1984. Morphobiological features of Clematis seed. Sborn. Nauch. Tr. Nikit. Bot. Sada 92: 111-8. (In Russian; English summary)
• Douglas, K. L.; Cruden, R. W. 1994. The reproductive biology of Anemone canadensis (Ranunculaceae): breeding system and facilitation of sexual selection. Amer. J. Bot. 81: 314-321.
• Drew, WB 1936. North American representatives of Ranunculus sect. Bactrachium. Rhodora 38: 1-47.
• Duncan, T. 1980. A taxonomic study of the Ranunculus hispidus Michaux complex in the Western Hemisphere. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 77: 1-125.
• Duncan, T.; Keener, C. S. 1991. A classification of the Ranunculaceae with special reference to the Western Hemisphere. Phytologia 70: 24-27.
• Eckert, C. G.; Schaefer, A. 1998. Does self-pollination provide reproductive assurance in wild columbine, Aquilegia canadensis (Ranunculaceae)? Amer. J. Bot. 85: 919-924.
• Eichenberger, M. D.; Parker, G. R. 1976. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) distribution, phenology and biomass in an oak-hickory forest. Ohio J. Science 76: 204-210.
• Emadzade, K. et.al. 2010. A molecular phylogeny, morphology and classification of genera of Ranunculeae (Ranunculaceae). Taxon 59: 809-828.
• Essig, F. B. 1992. The Clematis virginiana (Ranunculaceae) complex in the southeastern United States. Clematis 1992: 39-44.
• Essig, F. B. 1992. Seedling morphology in Clematis (Ranunculaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Sida 15: 377-90.
• Essig, F. B. 1990. The Clematis virginiana (Ranunculaceae) complex in the southeastern United States. Sida 14: 49-68.
• Essig, F. B.; Jarvis, C. E. 1989. Lectotypification of Clematis virginiana L. (Ranunculaceae). Taxon 38: 271-7.
• Fernald, M. L. 1928. The North American species of Anemone sect. Anemonathea. Rhodora 30: 180-188.
• Fernald, M. L. 1929. Coptis trifolia and its eastern American representative. Rhodora 31: 136-142.
• Fish, R. K. 1971. Megagametogenesis in Clematis and its taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Phytomorphology 20(4): 317-27.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1997. Flora of North America, Volume 3. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford University Press, New York. , 590 pages.
• Gleason, H. A. 1944. Actaea alba versus Actaea pachypoda. Rhodora 44: 146-148.
• Grey-Wilson, C 2000. Clematis, the genus. Timber Press, Portland, OR. , 224 pages. (ISBN 0881924288)
• Griffin, S. R.; Mavraganis, K.; Eckert, C. G. 2000. Experimental analysis of protogyny in Aquilegia canadensis (Ranunculaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 87: 1246-1256.
• Grund, C.; Gilroy, J.; Gleaves, T.; Jensen, U.; Boulter, D. 1981. Systematic relationships of the Ranunculaceae based on amino acid sequence data. Phytochemistry 20: 1559-65.
• Handel, S. N.; Fisch, S. B.; Schatz, G. E. 1981. Ants disperse a majority of herbs in a mesic forest community in New York State. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 108: 430-437.
• Hara, H. 1975. The identity of Clematis terniflora. J. Jap. Bot. 50: 155-158.
• Herlihy, C. R.; Eckert, C. G. 2005. Evolution of self-fertilization at geographical range margins? A comparison of demographic, floral, and mating system variables in central vs. peripheral populations of Aquilegia canadensis (Ranunculaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 92: 744-751.
• Hoffmann, M. H. 1999. The phylogeny of Actaea (Ranunculaceae): a biogeographical approach. Pl. Syst. Evol. 216: 251-263.
• Hoffmann, M. H. 1999. Biogeographical and evolutionary patterns in the genus Caltha L. (Ranunculaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 121: 403-421.
• Hollick, A. 1923. Erect silky leather flower on Staten Island. Proc. Staten Island Inst. Arts 1: 120-122.
• Hoot, S. B. 1991. Phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae based on epidermal microcharacters and macromorphology. Syst. Bot. 16: 741-55.
• Hoot, S. B. 1994. Phylogenetic relationships in Anemone (Ranunculaceae) based on morphology and chloroplast DNA. Syst. Bot. 19: 169-200.
• Howells, J. 1990. A plantsman's guide to Clematis. Ward Lock Ltd., London. , 124 pages.
• Huth, E. 1895. Monographie der gattung Delphinium. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 322-499. (In German)
• Jabbour, F.; Renner, S. S. 2011. Consolida and Aconitella are an annual clade of Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) that diversified in the Mediterranean basin and the Irano-Turanian region. Taxon 60: 1029-1040.
• James, J. F. 1883. A revision of the genus Clematis of the United States: embracing descriptions of all the species, their systematic arrangement, geographical distribution, and synonymy. J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 118-35.
• Jensen, U. 1968. Serologische Beitrage zur Systematik der Ranunculaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 88: 204-310. (In German, English summary)
• Jensen, U.; Kadereit, J. W. (eds.) (1995): 1995. Systematics and evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. Springer-Verlag, Vienna, New York. , 361 pages. (Plant Systematics and Evolution / Supplement 9)
• Johansson, J. T. 1998. Chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping and the phylogeny of Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 213: 1-19.
• Johansson, J. T.; Jansen, R. K. 1993. Chloroplast DNA variation and phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae. Pl. Syst. Evol. 187: 29-49.
• Johnson, M. 2001. The genus Clematis. Magnus Johnsons Plantskola AB, Sodertalje, Sweden. , 896 pages. (ISBN 916311030X)
• Jurgens, A.; Dotterl, S. 2004. Chemical composition of anther volatiles in Ranunculaceae: genera-specific profiles in Anemone, Aquilegia, Caltha, Pulsatilla, Ranunculus, and Trollius species. Amer. J. Bot. 91: 1969-1980.
• Kaplan, S.; Mulcahy, D. 1971. Mode of pollination and floral sexuality in Thalictrum. Evolution 25: 659-668.
• Kapoor, B. M. et.al. 1987. Annotated list of the chromosome numbers of the vascular flora of northeastern America V. Naturaliste Canad. 114: 105-116.
• Keener, C. S. 1967. A biosystematic study of Clematis subsection Integrifoliae (Ranunculaceae). J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 83: 1-41.
• Keener, C. S. 1975. Studies in the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States. III. Clematis L. Sida 6: 33-47.
• Keener, C. S. 1993. A review of the classification of the genus Hydrastis (Ranunculaceae). Aliso 13: 551-558.
• Keener, C. S. 1977. Studies in the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States. VI. Miscellaneous genera. Sida 7: 1-12.
• Keener, C. S. 1976. Studies of the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States V. Ranunculus L. Sida 6: 266-283.
• Keener, C. S. 1976. Studies of the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States. II. Thalictrum. Rhodora 78: 457-472.
• Keener, C. S.; Dennis, W. M. 1982. The subgeneric classification of Clematis (Ranunculaceae) in temperate North America north of Mexico. Taxon 31(1): 37-44.
• Kim, Y. D.; Jansen, R. K. 1994. Characterization and phylogenetic distribution of a chloroplast DNA rearrangement in the Berberidaceae. Pl. Syst. Evol. 193: 107-14. (Other families/genera discussed)
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• Kumazawa, M. 1936. Pollen grain morphology in Ranunclaceae, Lardizabalaceae, and Berberidaceae. Jap. J. Bot. 8: 19-46.
• Kumazawa, M. 1937. Comparative studies on the vernation of Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae. (In Japanese). Jap. J. Bot. 13: 573-86.
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• Kumazawa, M. 1938. On the ovular structure of Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae. Jap. J. Bot. 14: 10-25.
• Kuntze, C. E. O. 1885. Monographie der Gattung Clematis. Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 26(Abh.): 81-202.
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• Langlet, O. F. I. 1932. Uber Chromosomenverholtnisse und Systematik der Ranunculaceae. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 26: 381-400.
• Lecoyer, J. C. 1885. Monographie du genre Thalictrum. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 24: 78-324.
• Leppick, E. E. 1964. Floral evolution in the Ranunculaceae. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 39: 1-101.
• Lloyd, C. 1977. Clematis. Collins, London. , 208 pages.
• Loconte, H.; Estes, J. R. 1989. Phylogenetic systematics of Berberidaceae and Ranunculales (Magnoliidae). Syst. Bot. 14(4): 565-79.
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• Macior, L. W. 1968. Pollination adaptation in Pedicularis canadensis. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 1031-1035. (other genera as well)
• Macior, L. W. 1978. Pollination ecology of vernal angiosperms. Oikos 30: 452-460.
• Magnarelli, L. A. 1983. Nectar sugars and caloric reserves in natural populuations of Aedes canadensis and Aedes stimulans Diptera Culicidae. Environmental Entomology 12: 1482-1486.
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• Miikeda, O. et.al. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of Clematis (Ranunculaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 152: 153-168.
• Mitchell, R. S.; Dean, J. K. 1982. Ranunculaceae (Crowfoot Family) of New York State. New York St. Mus. Bull. 446, Albany. , 100 pages.
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• Paratley, R. D. 1986. Vegetation-environment relations in a conifer swamp in central New York. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 113: 357-371.
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• Pellmyr, O. 1985. The pollination biology of Actaea pachypoda and A. rubra (including A. erythrocarpa) in northern Michigan and Finland. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 112: 265-273.
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