New York Metropolitan Flora

Key to the genera of Lauraceae

1. Leaves evergreen...Persea
1. Leaves deciduous...2

2. Leaves palmately veined, often lobed; generally a single-trunked tree...Sassafras
2. Leaves pinnately veined, never lobed; generally a multistemed shrub...Lindera

List of Lauraceae Genera

References to Lauraceae

• Abrams, M. D.; Kubiske, M. E.; Mostoller, S. A. 1994. Relating wet and dry year ecophysiology to leaf structure in contrasting temperate tree species. Ecology 75: 123-33.
• Angelo, R.; Boufford, D. E. 2010. Atlas of the flora of New England: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Rhodora 112: 244-326.
• Anonymous 1880. Proceedings of the Torrey Club. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 7: 61.
• Anonymous 1957. Sassafras- utilization abstract. Econ. Bot. 11: 182. (Reprint, News from Home 18(2):10-14. 1957.)
• Anonymous 1942. Dye from sassafras. Sci. News Letter 42: 279.
• Arthur, M. A.; Paratley, R. D. 1998. Single and repeated fires affect survival and regeneration of woody and herbaceous species in an oak-pine forest. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125: 225-236.
• Auten, J. T. 1945. Relative influence of sassafras, black locust, and pines upon old-field soils. J. Forest. 43: 441-6.
• Bamber, R. K.; Summerville, R. 1979. Taxonomic significance of sclerified tissue in the barks of Lauraceae. IAWA Bull. 4: 69-74.
• Blake, S. F. 1918. Note on the proper name for the sassafras. Rhodora 20(233): 98-9.
• Blount, T. E. 1989. The biology of Sassafras albidum(Nutt.) Nees in regenerating upland hardwood stands in southeastern Virginia following clear felling. M.S. Thesis Virgina Polytech. Inst. & St. Univ., Blacksburg,
• Bosela, M. J.; Ewers, F. W. 1997. The mode of origin of root buds and root sprouts in the clonal tree Sassafras albidum (Lauraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 84: 1466-81.
• Boyle, E. M. 1980. Vascular anatomy of the flower, seed and fruit of Lindera benzoin. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 107: 409-17.
• Carr, M. E. 1985. Plant species evaluated for new crop potential. Econ. Bot. 39(3): 336-45.
• Champlin, R. L. 1977. Red form of Lindera benzoin. Rhodora 79(817): 166.
• Chanderbali, A. S.; van der Werf, F.; Renner, S. S. 2001. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Lauraceae: evidence from the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 104-134.
• Christophel, D. C.; Kerrigan, R.; Rowett, A. I. 1996. The use of cuticular features in the taxonomy of the Lauraceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83: 419-32.
• Cipollini, M. L.; Drake, B. G.; Whigham, D. 1993. Effects of elevated CO2 on growth and carbon/nutrient balance in the deciduous woody shrub Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume (Lauraceae). Oecologia 96: 339-46.
• Cipollini, M. L.; Whigham, D. F. 1994. Sexual dimorphism and cost of reproduction in the dioecious shrub Lindera benzoin (Lauraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 81: 65-75.
• Collingwood, G. H. 1940. Sassafras. Amer. Forests 46: 366-7.
• Conner, W. H.; Askew, G. R. 1993. Impact of saltwater flooding on red maple, redbay, and Chinese tallow seedlings. Castanea 58: 214-9.
• Coy, G. V. 1928. Morphology of Sassafras in relation to phylogeny of Angiosperms. Bot. Gaz. 86: 149-71.
• Davidar, P.; Morton, E. S. 1986. The relationship between fruit crop sizes and fruit removal rates by birds. Ecology 67: 262-5.
• Davidson, D. W. 1966. Response of six shrub species to light regimes in two controlled-environment rooms. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 93: 432-437.
• De Soyza, A. G.; Kincaid, D. T. 1991. Patterns on leaf morphology and photosynthesis on shoots of Sassafras albidum (Lauraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 78: 89-98.
• Edwards, H. H. 1990. The stomatal complex of Persea borbonia. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 2543-7. (French summary)
• Endress, P. K. 1972. On the comparative developmental morphology, embryology and systematics in Laurales. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 92: 331-428. (In German, English summary)
• Endress, P. K.; Igersheim, A. 1997. Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Laurales. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 125: 93-168.
• Feeback, D. 1992. Sassafras: White and Red.
• Fernald, M. L. 1936. The nomenclature of Sassafras. Contr. Gray Herb. Harvard Univ. - No. CXII. IV. Rhodora 38(449): 178-9.
• Flanagan, M. 1998. Enigmatic Sassafras. New Plantsman 5: 43-7.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1997. Flora of North America, Volume 3. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford University Press, New York. , 590 pages.
• Floyd, B. W.; Noble, R. D. 1980. Intraseasonal variation in chlorophyll content and chloroplast ultrastructure of selected plant species in a deciduous forest. Canad. J. Bot. 58: 1504-19.
• Gant, R. E. 1971. The allelopathic influences of Sassafras albidum in old field succession in Tennessee. M.S. Thesis Univ. Tennessee. Knoxville,
• Gant, R. E.; Clebsch, E. E. C. 1975. The allelopathic influences of Sassafras albidum in old-field succession in Tennessee. Ecology 56(3): 604-15.
• Ghent, A. W. 1973. Gravity and the distribution of leaf shape in the trees of Sassafras albidum. New Phyt. 72: 1141-58.
• Godt, M. J. W.; Hamrick, J. L. 1996. Allozyme diversity in the endangered shrub Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae) and its widespread congener Lindera benzoin. Canad. J. Forest Res. 26: 2080-7.
• Good, N. F.; Good, R. E. 1972. Population dynamics of tree seedlings and saplings in a mature eastern hardwood forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 99: 172-8.
• Gorchov, D. L. 1987. Sequence of fruit ripening in bird-dispersed plants: consistency among years. Ecology 68: 223-5.
• Gottlieb, O. R. 1972. Chemosystematics of the Lauraceae. Phytochemistry 11: 1537-70.
• Halsted, B. D. 1883. Notes on Sassafras leaves. Science 2:491-492 (Oct. 12); 684 (Nov. 23)
• Holm, T. 1909. Medicinal plants of North America. 23. Sassafras officinale Nees. Merck Rep. 18: 3-6.
• Hoppes, W. G. 1988. Seedfall pattern of several species of bird-dispersed plants in an Illinois woodland. Ecology 69: 320-329.
• Hoss, G. 2006. Propagation protocol for spicebush. Native Plants J. 7: 134-136.
• Houston, L. C.; Houston, F. P. 1978. The sassafras. Herbarist 44: 52-7.
• Huebner, C. D.; Randolph, J. C.; Parker, G. R. 1995. Environmental factors affecting understory diversity in second-growth deciduous forests. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 134: 155-65.
• Humphreys, E. W. 1910. Variation among non-lobed Sassafras leaves. Torreya 10: 101-108.
• Jaquish, L. L.; Ewers, F. W. 2001. Seasonal conductivity and embolism in the roots and stems of two clonal ring-porous trees, Sassafras albidum (Lauraceae) and Rhus typhina (Anacardiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 88: 206-212.
• Jensen, H. W. 1942. The abnormal meiosis of Benzoin aestivale in relation to the origin of sex chromosomes. Amer. Naturalist 76: 109-12.
• Johnson, R. A.; Willson, M. F.; Thompson, J. N.; Bertin, R. I. 1985. Nutritional values of wild fruits and consumption by migrant frugivorous birds. Ecology 66: 819-27.
• Joy, D. A.; Young, D. R. 1996. Juniperus virginiana as a possible nurse plant for woody seedlings on a Virginia barrier island. ()
• Kempf, J. S.; Pickett, S. T. A. 1981. The role of branch length and angle in branching pattern of forest shrubs along a successional gradient. New Phyt. 88: 111-116.
• Keng, H. 1953. A taxonomic revision of Sassafras (Lauraceae). Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 6: 78-85.
• Kloeppel, B. D.; Kubiske, M. E.; Abrams, M. D. 1994. Seasonal tissue water relations of four successional Pennsylvania barrens species in open and understory environments. Int. J. Plant Sci. 155(1): 73-9.
• Kopp, L. E. 1966. A taxonomic revision of the genus Persea (Lauraceae) in the Western Hemisphere. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 14(1): 1-117.
• Kostermans, A. J. G. H. 1936. Revision of the Lauraceae. I-III. Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 41-43: (41) 12-50, (42) 500-604, (43) 46-119.
• Kostermans, A. J. G. H. 1957. Lauraceae. Reinwardtia 4: 193-256.
• Kostermans, A. J. G. H. 1974. Materials for a revision of Lauraceae. Part 4. Reinwardtia 9: 97-115.
• Kostermans, A. J. G. H. 1964. Bibliographia Lauracearum. Bogor, Indonesia. , 1450 pages. (See review by C.K. Allen in Taxon 14(1):22-23. 1965.)
• Kostermans, A. J. G. H. 1957. Lauraceae. Commun. Forest Res. Inst. 57: 1-64.
• Lawrey, J. D. 1977. Trace metal accumulation by plant species from a coal strip-mining area in Ohio. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 104: 368-375.
• Little, E. L. 1979. Four varietal transfers of United States trees. Phytologia 42: 219-22. (Persea borbonia var. pubescens comb. nov.)
• Lloyd, C. G. 1887. Lindera benzoin. Drugs Med. N. Amer. 2: 117-9.
• Long Island Botanical Society Flora Committee. 1996. Preliminary atlas of the Magnoldiideae on Long Island, N.Y. Part 1. Long Island Botanical Society Newsletter 6(6): 41-4.
• Luken, J. O.; Kuddes, L. M.; Tholemeier, T. C.; Haller, D. M. 1997. Comparative responses of Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) and Lindera benzoin (spicebush) to increased light. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 138: 331-43.
• Manning, W. J. 1971. Effects of limestone dust on leaf condition, foliar disease incidence, and leaf surface microflora of native plants. Environmental Pollution 2: 69-76.
• Medley, K. E. 1996. Dieback in the native shrub, Lindera benzoin (Lauraceae): a subtle effect of forest fragmentation. Ohio J. Science 96: 76-80.
• Meyer, G. A.; Witmer, M. C. 1998. Influence of seed processing by frugivorous birds on germination success of three North American shrubs. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 140: 129-139.
• Mez, C. 1889. Lauraceae Americanae. Jahr. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 1-556.
• Mez, C. 1888. Morphological studies of the Lauraceae. Ph.D. Thesis Berlin32 p.
• Mitchell, R. S.; Beal, E. D. (eds.) (1979): 1979. Magnoliaceae through Ceratophyllaceae of New York State. Vol. NY State Museum Bull. 435. Vol. Contributions to a Flora of New York State II.. Univ. of the state of NY, Albany, NY.
• Moore, L. A.; Willson, M. F. 1982. The effect of microhabitat, spatial distribution, and display size on dispersal of Lindera benzoin by avian frugivores. Canad. J. Bot. 60: 557-60.
• Moseley, M. F. 1973. Vegatative anatomy and morphology of Amentiferae. Brittonia 25(4): 356-70.
• Nash, G. V. 1920. Benzoin aestivale. Addisonia 5: 15-6.
• Nicola, A.; Pickett, S. T. A. 1983. The adaptive architecture of shrub canopies: leaf display and biomass allocation in relation to light environment. New Phyt. 93: 301-310.
• Nie, Z. L. et.al. 2007. Phylogeny and biogeography of Sassafras (Lauraceae) disjunct between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Pl. Syst. Evol. 267: 191-203.
• Niesenbaum, R. A. 1992. Sex ratio, components of reproduction, and pollen deposition in Lindera benzoin (Lauraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 79: 495-500.
• Niesenbaum, R. A. 1994. Spatial and temporal variation in pollen tube numbers in Lindera benzoin (spicebush). Canad. J. Bot. 72(2): 268-71.
• Niesenbaum, R. A. 1992. The effects of light environment on herbivory and growth in the deciduous shrub Lindera benzoin (Lauraceae). Amer. Midl. Naturalist 128: 270-5.
• Niesenbaum, R. A. 1996. Linking herbivory and pollination: defoliation and selective fruit abortion in Lindera benzoin. Ecology 77: 2324-31.
• Niesenbaum, R. A.; Casper, B. B. 1994. Pollen tube numbers and selective fruit maturation in Lindera benzoin. Amer. Naturalist 144(1): 184-91.
• Okada, H.; Tanaka, R. 1975. Karyological studies in some species of Lauraceae. Taxon 24: 271-80.
• Paratley, R. D. 1986. Vegetation-environment relations in a conifer swamp in central New York. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 113: 357-371.
• Pax, F. 1891. Lauraceae. In: Natur. Pflanzenfam. III{.. Vol. 2. , 106-26 pages.
• Petzold, V. 1907. Systematisch-anatomische Untersuchungen ³ber die Laubblõtter der amerikanischen Lauraceen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 445-77. (In German)
• Pickett, S. T. A.; Kempf, J. S. 1980. Branching patterns in forest shrubs and understory trees in relation to habitat. New Phyt. 86: 219-228.
• Plants for a Future Database Committee; Anonymous 2003. Plants for a future database.
• Primack, R. B. 1985. Sex ratio and sexual constancy in spicebush (Lindera benzoin). Rhodora 87(851): 305-8.
• Rehder, A. A. 1920. The American and Asiatic species of Sassafras. J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 242-5.
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• Rohwer, J. G. 2000. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Lauraceae: evidence from matK sequences. Syst. Bot. 25: 60-71.
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• Sastri, R. L. N. 1965. Studies in Lauraceae: V. Comparative morphology of the flower. Ann. Bot. 29: 39-44.
• Schrenk, J. 1880. Sassafras officinale. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 7: 67.
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