New York Metropolitan Flora

List of Oleaceae Genera

References to Oleaceae

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• Altpeter, L. S. 1944. Use of vegetation in control of streambank erosion in Northern New England. J. Forest. 42(2): 99-107.
• Andersen, C. P.; Sucoff, E. I.; Dixon, R. K. 1987. The influence of low soil temperatures on the growth of vescular-arbuscular mycorrhizal Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Canad. J. Forest Res. 17(8): 951-6.
• Anderson, E.; Whelden, C. M. 1936. Studies in the genus Fraxinus. II. Data on the flowering and fruiting habits of three American species of ash- of possible economic importance in the production of rapid-growing forest trees. J. Heredity 27: 473-4.
• Andersson, A. 1931. Studien uber die Embryologie der Familien Celastraceae, Oleaceae, und Apocynaceae. Acta Universitatis Lundensis 27: 1-110. (In German)
• Armstrong, J. E. 1982. Polyploidy and wood anatomy of mature white ash, Fraxinus americana. Wood & Fiber 14(4): 331-9.
• Baltzer, J. L.; Thomas, S. C. 2005. Leaf optical responses to light and soil nutrient availability in temperate deciduous trees. Amer. J. Bot. 92: 214-223.
• Bartlett, G. A. 1997. Crown development and architecture of Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern. At different stages of growth and under different environmental conditions. M.Sc. Thesis Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg,
• Bartlett, G. A.; Remphrey, W. R. 1998. The effect of reduced quantities of photosynthetically active radiation on Fraxinus pennsylvanica growth and architecture. Canad. J. Bot. 76: 1359-1365.
• Barton, L. V. 1945. Viability of seeds of Fraxinus after storage. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. Pl. Res. 13: 427-32.
• Bazzaz, F. A.; Miao, S. L. 1993. Successional status, seed size, and responses of tree seedlings to CO2, light, and nutrients. Ecology 74: 104-12.
• Bell, D. T.; Johnson, F. L. 1975. Phenological patterns in the trees of the streamside forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 187-93.
• Benedict, L.; David, R. 2003. Propagation protocol for black ash, Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Native Plants J. 4: 100-103.
• Berry, E. W. 1918. The history of linden and ash. Pl. World 21: 163-75.
• Bessey, C. E. 1914. Tricarpellary ash-fruits. American Botanist 20: 21.
• Black, C. L.; Beckmann, R. L. 1983. The variability of nuclear DNA and its implications for polyploidy in white ash (Fraxinus americana L.: Oleaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 70: 1420-3.
• Black-Schaefer, C. L.; Beckmann, R. L. 1989. Foliar flavonoids and the determination of ploidy and gender in Fraxinus americana and F. pennsylvanica (Oleaceae). Castanea 54: 115-8.
• Bradley, B. A. et.al. 2010. Climate change increases risk of plant invasion in the eastern United States. Biological Invasions 12: 1855-1872.
• Britton, Nathaniel L. 1892. The ash trees of Staten Island. Proc. Nat. Sci. Assoc. Staten Island 3: 21-2.
• Bunce, J. A.; Miller, L. N. 1976. Differential effects of water stress on respiration in the light in woody plants from wet and dry habitats. Canad. J. Bot. 54(21): 2457-64.
• Bunce, J. A.; Miller, L. N.; Chabot, B. F. 1977. Competative exploitation of soil water by five eastern North American tree species. Bot. Gaz. 138(2): 168-73.
• Burton, P. J.; Bazzaz, F. A. 1991. Tree seedling emergence on interactive temperature and moisture gradients and in patches of old-field vegetation. Amer. J. Bot. 78(1): 131-49.
• Buton, P. J.; Bazzaz, F. A. 1995. Ecophysiological responses of tree seedlings invading different patches of old-field vegetation. J. Ecol. 83: 99-112.
• Canham, C. D.; McAninch, J. B.; Wood, D. M. 1994. Effects of the frequency, timing, and intensity of simulated browsing on growth and mortality of tree seedlings. Canad. J. Forest Res. 24: 817-25.
• Carter, K. K. 1996. Provenance tests as indicators of growth response to climate change in 10 north temperate tree species. Canad. J. Forest Res. 26: 1089-95. (French summary)
• Castello, J. D.; Silverborg, S. B.; Manion, P. D. 1985. Intensification of ash decline in New York State from 1962 through 1980. Plant Dis. 69: 243-6.
• Chappelka, A. H.; Chevone, B. I. 1986. White ash seedling growth response to ozone and simulated acid rain. Canad. J. Forest Res. 16: 786-90.
• Choat, B. et.al. 2006. Direct measurements of intervessel pit membrane hydraulic resistance in two angiosperm tree species. Amer. J. Bot. 93: 993-1000.
• Christianson, J. D. 1971. The effect of surface fires on three species of hardwood tree seedlings. William L. Hutcheson Memorial For. Bull. 2: 1-5.
• Clausen, K. E. 1984. Survival and early growth of white ash provenances and progenies in 19 plantations. Canad. J. Forest Res. 14: 775-82.
• Clausen, K. E.; Kung, F. H.; Bey, C. F.; Daniels, R. A. 1981. Variation in white ash. Silvae Genet. 30: 93-7.
• Cluzeau, C.; Le Goff, N.; Ottorini, J. M. 1994. Development of primary branches and crown profile of Fraxinus excelsior. Canad. J. Forest Res. 24(12): 2315-23.
• Coladoanto, M. 1994. Fraxinus nigra. ()
• Cook, D. B. 1941. The period of growth in some northeastern trees. J. Forest. 39: 956-959.
• Curtis, R. O.; Rushmore, F. M. 1958. Some effects of stand density and deer browsing on reproduction in an Adirondack hardwood stand. J. Forest. 56: 116-21.
• Davidson, C. G.; Remphrey, W. R. 1990. An analysis of architectural parameters of male and female Fraxinus pennsylvanica in relation to crown shape and crown location. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 2035-43. (French summary)
• Davies, W. J.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1974. Stomatal responses of five woody angiosperms to light intensity and humidity. Canad. J. Bot. 52(7): 1525-34.
• Davison, S. E. 1981. Tree seedling survivorship at Hutcheson Memorial Forest New Jersey. William L. Hutcheson Memorial For. Bull. 6: 4-7.
• Dayton, W. A. 1954. Some more notes on United States ashes (Fraxinus). J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 44: 385-90.
• De Jong, P. C. 1990. The genus Fraxinus. Dendroflora 26: 30-9. (In Dutch)
• De Steven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling emergence. Ecology 72: 1066-75.
• De Steven, D. 1991. Experiments on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seedling survival and growth. Ecology 72: 1076-88.
• Delucia, E. H.; Sipe, T. W.; Herrick, J.; Maherali, H. 1998. Sapling biomass allocation and growth in the understory of a deciduous hardwood forest. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 955-963.
• Denneler, B; Bergeron, Y.; Begin, Y. 1999. An attempt to explain the distribution of the tree species composing the riparian forests of Lake Duparquet, southern boreal region of Quebec, Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 77: 1744-1755.
• Dolia, N. I. 1953. In regard to the physiology of germination of ash (Fraxinus) seed embryos. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 88: 729-32. (In Russian)
• Echternach, J. L.; Rose, R. K. 1987. Use of woody vegetation by beavers in southeastern Virginia USA. Virginia J. Sci. 38: 226-232.
• Facey, V. 1950. Abscission of leaves in Fraxinus americana L. New Phyt. 49: 103-16.
• Fernald, M. L.; Schubert, B. G. 1948. Studies of American types in British herbaria. Rhodora 50: 149-76, 181-208, 217-33.
• Fiala, J. L. 1988. Lilacs: the genus Syringa. Timber Press, Portland, OR. , 266 pages. (Also Publ. by Christopher Helm, London)
• Fitzgerald, C. H.; Reines, M. 1969. A comparative study of the flavonoid content of Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Castanea 34: 192-4.
• Gardescu, S.; Marks, P. L. 2004. Colonization of old fields by trees vs. shrubs: seed dispersal and seedling establishment. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 53-68.
• Gardner, G. 1977. The reproductive capacity of Fraxinus excelsior on the Derbyshire limestone. J. Ecol. 65: 107-18.
• Garrison, R. 1949. Origin and development of axillary buds: Syringa vulgaris L. Amer. J. Bot. 36: 205-13.
• Gayek, A.; Quigley, M. F. 2001. Does topography affect the colonization of Lonicera maackii and Ligustrum vulgare in a forested glen in southwestern Ohio? Ohio J. Science 101: 95-100.
• Glenn, Steven D. 1995. Honeybees (Apis sp.) and bumblebees (Bombus sp.) visiting Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc. flowers.
• Godman, R. M.; Mattson, G. A. 1970. Periodic growth of hardwood influenced by cold weather. J. Forest. 68(2): 86-7.
• Goldsmith, F. B.; Boudreau, P. 1979. Height growth and apical damage of white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) from various latitudes outplanted in New Brunswick. Canad. J. Forest Res. 9: 27-30.
• Green, D. S. 1980. The terminal velocity and dispersal of spinning samaras. Amer. J. Bot. 67: 1218-24.
• Greene, D. F.; Johnson, E. A. 1992. Fruit abscission in Acer saccharinum with reference to seed dispersal. Canad. J. Bot. 70(11): 2277-83.
• Greene, D. F.; Johnson, E. A. 1990. The dispersal of winged fruits and seeds differing in autorotative behavior. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 2693-7. (French summary)
• Griffith, R. S. 1991. Fraxinus americana. ()
• Guenther, K. W. 1951. An investigation of the tolerance of white ash reproduction. J. Forest. 49: 576-7.
• Harborne, J. B. 1980. A chemotaxonomic survey of flavonoids in leaves of the Oleaceae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 81: 155-67.
• Hardin, J. W.; Beckmann, R. L. 1982. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, V. Fraxinus (Oleaceae) of eastern North America. Brittonia 34: 129-40.
• Harris, J. R.; Bassuk, N. L.; Zobel, R. W.; Whitlow, T. H. 1995. Root and shoot growth periodicity of Green Ash, Scarlet Oak, Turkish Hazelnut, and Tree Lilac. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120: 211-6.
• Hemberg, T. 1949. Growth-inhibiting substances in terminal buds of Fraxinus. Physiol. Pl. (Copenhagen) 2: 37-44.
• Herron, P.M. et.al. 2007. Invasive plants and their ecological strategies: prediction and explanation of woody plant invasion in New England. Diversity and Distributions 13: 633-644.
• Hildebrand, E.; Skelly, J. M.; Fredericksen, T. S. 1996. Foliar response of ozone-sensitve hardwood tree species from 1991 to 1993 in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Canad. J. Forest Res. 26: 658-69. (French summary)
• Hoppes, W. G. 1988. Seedfall pattern of several species of bird-dispersed plants in an Illinois woodland. Ecology 69: 320-329.
• Hosner, J. F. 1958. The effects of complete inundation upon seedlings of six bottomland tree species. Ecology 39: 371-3.
• Hosner, J. F. 1959. Survival, root, and shoot growth of six bottomland tree species following flooding. J. Forest. 57: 927-8.
• Hough, A. F.; Forbes, R. D. 1943. The ecology and silvics of forests in the high plateaus of Pennsylvania. Ecol. Monogr. 13: 299-320.
• Houston, D. R. 1985. Dieback and declines of urban trees. J. Arboric. 11(3): 65-72.
• Hunter, J. C.; Mattice, J. A. 2002. The spread of woody exotics into the forests of a northeastern landscape, 1938-1999. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129: 220-227.
• Höfker, H. 1930. Zur Gattung Ligustrum. Ergonzugen und Berichtigungen. Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 42: 31-5.
• Jacobs, K.; Danielson, D. 2002. Variation in field susceptibility of native and exotic ash species to anthracnose. J. Arboric. 28: 35-40.
• Janchen, E. 1953. Zur Nomenklatur der Gattungsnamen IV. Taxon 2: 208-11.
• Jeandroz, S.; Roy, A.; Bousquet, J. 1997. Phylogeny and phylogeography of the circumpolar genus Fraxinus (Oleaceae) based on internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 7: 241-51.
• Johnson, F. L.; Bell, D. T. 1976. Tree growth and mortality in the streamside forest. Castanea 41: 34-41.
• Johnson, L. A. S. 1957. A review of the family Oleaceae. Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 2: 395-418.
• Johnson, W. C. 1988. Estimating dispersibility of Acer, Fraxinus and Tilia in fragmented landscapes from patterns of seedling establishment. Landscape Ecol. 1(3): 175-88.
• Joshi, A. C.; Fotidar, A. N. 1940. Floral anatomy of the Oleaceae. Nature 145: 354-6.
• Karnosky, D. F. 1981. Chamber and field evaluations of air pollution tolerances of urban trees. J. Arboric. 7: 99-105. (Sulphur dioxide, ozone, & oxidants)
• Karnosky, D. F.; Steiner, K. C. 1981. Provenance and family variation in response of Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus pennsylvanica to ozone and sulfur dioxide. Phytopathology 71: 804-7.
• Keeley, J. E.; Pallardy, S. G. 1979. Stomatal responses of Fraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings during and after flooding. Physiol. Pl. (Copenhagen) 46: 155-158.
• Kennedy, G.; Bergeron, S. 1991. Tree rings as monitors of heavy metal air pollution histories. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 151: 337-344.
• Kienholz, R. 1941. Seasonal course of height growth in some hardwoods in Connecticut. Ecology 22: 249-58.
• Killingbeck, K. T. 1985. Autumnal resorption and accretion of trace metals in gallery forest tress. Ecology 66: 283-6. (Cu, Fe, Mn, & Zn)
• Kim, K. J. 1999. Molecular phylogeny of Forsythia (Oleaceae) based on chloroplast DNA variation. Pl. Syst. Evol. 218: 113-123.
• King, J. L. 1994. Persistence of black cherry, white ash, and tulip poplar in an old-growth beech-maple forest. , Thesis Univ. Illinois, Chicago,
• Kozlowski, T. T.; Pallardy, S. G. 1979. Effects of low temperature on leaf diffusion resistance of Ulmus americana and Fraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings. Canad. J. Bot. 57: 2466-70.
• Kramer, P. J. 1943. Amount and duration of growth of various species of tree seedlings. Pl. Physiol. (Lancaster) 18: 239-51.
• Kuehny, J. S.; Halbrooks, M. C. 1993. Episodic whole plant growth patterns in Ligustrum. Physiol. Pl. (Copenhagen) 89: 33-9.
• Kung, F. H.; Clausen, K. E. 1983. Provenance x environment interactions in white ash.
• Lanier, G. N.; Schubert, D. C.; Manion, P. D. 1988. Dutch elm disease and elm yellows in central New York. Plant Dis. 72: 189-94.
• Larson, P. R. 1985. Rachis vascularization and leaflet venation in developing leaves of Fraxinus pennsylvaica. Canad. J. Bot. 63: 2383-92.
• Lawrey, J. D. 1977. Trace metal accumulation by plant species from a coal strip-mining area in Ohio. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 104: 368-375.
• Lenz, L. M. 1974. The application of chemosystematics to lilacs. Lilacs 3(1): 25-30.
• Leverett, R. 1996. The white ash. Wild Earth 6(2): 37-42.
• Li, J.; Alexander, J. H.; Zhang, D. 2002. Paraphyletic Syringa (Oleaceae): evidence from sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS and ETS regions. Syst. Bot. 27: 592-597. (Also <em>Ligustrum</em>)
• Lingelsheim, A. 1907. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Gattung Fraxinus. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 185-223. (In German)
• Little, E. L. 1952. Notes on Fraxinus (ash) in the United States. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 42: 369-80.
• Loats, K. V.; Rebbeck, J. 1999. Interactive effects of ozone and elevated carbon dioxide on the growth and physiology of black cherry, green ash, and yellow poplar seedlings. Environmental Pollution 106: 237-248.
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• Logan, K. T. 1973. Growth of tree seedlings as affected by light intensity V. White ash, beech, eastern hemlock, and general conclusions.
• Luken, J. O.; Hinton, A. C.; Baker, D. G. 1992. Response of woody plant communities in power-line corridors to frequent anthropogenic disturbance. Ecological Applications 2: 356-62.
• Mann, F. J. 1930. Winter root development of Ligustrum vulgare. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 46: 62-6.
• Mansfeld, R. 1924. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Gattung Ligustrum. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(Beiblatt 132): 19-79. (In German)
• Marks, P. L. 1975. On the relation between extension growth and successional status of deciduous trees of the northeastern United States. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 172-7.
• Marshall, P. E.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1977. Changes in structure and function of epigeous cotyledons of woody angiosperms during early seedling growth. Canad. J. Bot. 55(2): 208-15.
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• Marshall, P. E.; Kozlowski, T. T. 1975. Changes in mineral contents of cotyledons and young seedlings of woody angiosperms. Canad. J. Bot. 53(18): 2026-31.
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• McApline, R. G. 1961. Yellow-poplar seedlings intolerant to flooding J. Forest. 59(8): 566-8. (Also Fraxinus & Liquidambar)
• McClain, W.; Ebinger, J. 1995. Naturalized Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (Oleaceae) in Illinois. Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 88(3-4): 119-21.
• McCormac, J. S.; Bissell, J. K.; Stine, S. J. 1995. The status of Fraxinus tomentosa (Oleaceae) in Ohio with notes on its occurrence in Michigan and Pennsylvania. Castanea 60: 70-8.
• McCormick, L. H.; Bowersox, T. W. 1997. Grass or fern competition reduce growth and survival of planted tree seedlings.
• McCutchen, C. W. 1977. The spinning rotation of ash and tulip-tree samaras. Science 197: 691-2.
• McDonnell, M. J.; Stiles, E. W. 1983. The structural complexity of old field vegetation and the recruitment of bird-dispersed plant species. Oecologia 56: 109-16.
• McKelvey, S. D. 1928. The Lilac. A Monograph. Macmillan, New York. , 581 pages.
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• Meiners, S. J.; Gorchov, D. L. 1998. Effects of distance to Juniperus virginiana on the establishment of Fraxinus and Acer seedlings in old fields. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 139: 353-64.
• Merriam, R. W. 2003. The abundance, distribution and edge associations of six non-indigenous, harmful plants across North Carolina. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 130: 283-291.
• Merrill, E. K. 1986. Heteroblastic seedlings of green ash. I, II, & III. Canad. J. Bot. 64: 2645-68.
• Merrill, E. K. 1990. Structure and development of terminal bus scales in green ash. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 12-20. (French summary)
• Miller, G. N. 1955. The genus Fraxinus, the ashes, in North America, north of Mexico. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 335. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. , 64 pages.
• Miller, G. N. 1953. A taxonomic revision of the genus Fraxinus in North America north of Mexico. Ph.D. Dissertation Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY200 p.
• Morris, L. L.; Walck, J. L.; Hidayati, S. N. 2002. Growth and reproduction of the invasive Ligustrum sinense and native Forestiera ligustrina (Oleaceae): implications for invasion and persistence of a nonnative shrub. Int. J. Plant Sci. 163: 1001-1010.
• Myster, R. W. 1993. Effects of litter, distance, density and vegetation patch type on postdispersal tree seed predation in old fields. Oikos 66: 381-388.
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• Nicholson, R. 1990. The fringe tree and its far-flung cousins. Arnoldia (Jamaica Plain) 50: 24-31.
• Nikolaev, E. V. 1982. Morphogenesis and evolution of the genus Fraxinus (Oleaceae). Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Lenengrad) 67(4): 419-32. (In Russian; English summary)
• Nikolaeva, M. G. 1951. The causes of seed dormancy in Acer negundo L., Fraxinus pensylvanica Marsh., and Berberis vulgaris f. atropurpurea Regel. Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. 4, Eksper. Bot. 8: 234-56.
• Nilolaeva, M. G. 1958. The biology of germination of Fraxinus seeds and its bearing on the taxonomic position and the distribution of species of this genus. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Lenengrad) 43: 679-83. (In Russian)
• Oakes, W. W.; Oakes, G. K. 1983. An annotated bibliography. Lilac Newsl. 9(6): 4-8.
• Olson, B. 1992. Chionanthus virginicus- Fringe-tree found in New York. Bartonia 57: 106.
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• Paratley, R. D. 1986. Vegetation-environment relations in a conifer swamp in central New York. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 113: 357-371.
• Parker, J. 1968. Drought resistance of roots of white ash, sugar maple, and red oak.
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• Piechura, J. E.; Fairbrothers, D. E. 1983. The use pf protein-serological characters in the systematics of the family Oleaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 70(5): 780-9.
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• Prusinkiewicz, P. W.; Remphrey, W. R.; Davidson, C. G.; Hammel, M. S. 1994. Modeling an architecture of expanding Fraxinus pennsylvanica shoots using L-systems. Canad. J. Bot. 72(5): 701-14.
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