New York Metropolitan Flora

Genus: Ceanothus

By Steven D. Glenn

Not peer reviewed

Last Modified 01/13/2012

Back to Rhamnaceae

Nomenclature

Ceanothus L., Sp. Pl. 195. 1753. Gen. Pl., ed. 5, 90. 1754 (also spelled “Canothus”). LECTOTYPE: Ceanothus americanus L. designated by Britton & Brown (1913).

Forrestia Raf., Med. Repos., hex. 2, 3: 422. 1806. TYPE: Unknown.

Key to the species of Ceanothus

1. Leaves 3-nerved from the base; flowers numerous; petals present, long-clawed...Ceanothus
1. Leaves not 3-nerved; flowers few; petals, when present, with short or no claw...Rhamnus

List of Ceanothus Species

Ceanothus americanus

References to Ceanothus

  • Beille, L. 1902. Recherches sur le developpment floral des Disciflores. Ph.D. Thesis Bordeaux177 p.
  • Bennek, C. 1958. Die morphologische Beurteilung der Staub- und Blumenblatter der Rhamnaceen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 77: 423-457. (In German)
  • Bowden, W. M. 1940. Diploidy, polyploidy, and winter hardiness relationships in the flowering plants. Amer. J. Bot. 27: 357-71.
  • Brizicky, George K. 1964. The genera of Rhamnaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 45: 439-63.
  • Coladoanto, M. 1993. Ceanothus americana. ()
  • Fross, D. 2006. Ceanothus. Timber Press, Portland, OR. , 272 pages. (ISBN 0881927627)
  • Hardig, T. M.; Soltis, P. S.; Soltis, D. E. 2000. Diversification of the North American shrub genus Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae): conflicting phylogenies from nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA. Amer. J. Bot. 87: 108-123.
  • Hitchcock, A. S. 1893. The opening of the buds of some woody plants. Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. 6(5): 133-41.
  • Holm, T. 1906. Ceanothus americanus L., and ovatus Desf.; a morphological and anatomical study. Amer. J. Sci. 22: 523-30.
  • Howell, J. T. 1939. Studies in Ceanothus I-V. Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 159-65, 202-8, 228-40, 259-62, 285-9.
  • Juel, H. O. 1929. Beitroge zur Morphologie und Entwickelungsgeschichte der Rhamnaceen. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 7(3): 1-13.
  • McGinn, H. E. 1942. A systematic study of the genus Ceanothus. In: <em>Ceanothus</em>. Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, CA. ,
  • Nobs, M. A. 1963. Experimantal studies on species relationships in Ceanothus. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 623: 1-294.
  • Petry, E. J. 1921. Germination and growth of Ceanothus americanus as affected by heated soils. Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 22: 135-43.
  • Prichard, E. C. 1955. Morphological studies in Rhamnaceae. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 71: 82-106.
  • Quick, C. R.; Quick, A. S. 1961. Germination of Ceanothus seeds. Madrono 16: 23-30.
  • Robertson, C. 1889. Flowers and insects. III. Bot. Gaz. 14: 297-304.
  • Shimek, B. 1921. The genus Ceanothus L. in Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 28: 230-42.
  • Trelease, W. 1888. Synoptic list of North American species of Ceanothus. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II. 1: 106-18.
  • Vikhireva, V. V. 1951. Seed development in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. 7, Morphol. Anat. Pl. 2: 221-7. (In Russian)
  • Vikhireva, V. V. 1952. A morphological-anatomical study of the fruits of Rhamnaceae. Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. 7, Morphol. Anat. Pl. 3: 241-92. (In Russian)
  • Watson, S. 1875. Revision of the genus Ceanothus, and descriptions of new plants. 1. Revision of the genus Ceanothus. Proc. American Acad. Arts II. 2: 333-9.